Question:
Write down the following reactions:
(i) Carbylamine reaction
(ii) Reaction between benzene diazonium chloride and phenol in basic medium
Write down the following reactions:
(i) Carbylamine reaction
(ii) Reaction between benzene diazonium chloride and phenol in basic medium
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Carbylamine reaction is a confirmatory test for primary amines.
Azo coupling reactions are carried out in cold alkaline medium.
Updated On: Jan 7, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
(i) Carbylamine reaction:
When a primary amine is heated with chloroform and alcoholic KOH, a foul-smelling isocyanide is formed:
\[
\text{RNH}_2 + \text{CHCl}_3 + 3\text{KOH} \rightarrow \text{RNC} + 3\text{KCl} + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}
\]
(ii) Reaction between benzene diazonium chloride and phenol in basic medium:
Phenol reacts with benzene diazonium chloride in alkaline medium to form an azo dye (p-hydroxyazobenzene):
\[
\text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{N}_2^+\text{Cl}^- + \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{OH}
\xrightarrow{\text{NaOH}}
\text{C}_6\text{H}_5{-}\text{N=N}{-}\text{C}_6\text{H}_4\text{OH}
\]
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