Comprehension
World fruit production went up 54 percent between 2000 and 2019, to 883 million tonnes. Five fruit species accounted for 57 percent of the total production in 2019, down from 63 percent in 2000. Use the data in the passage to answer the following questions.
[Data source: fao]
[Data source: fao]
Question: 1
What was the world fruit production in 2000?
What was the world fruit production in 2000?
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- 474 million tonnes
- 517 million tonnes
- 573 million tonnes
- 406 million tonnes
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The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
The correct option is (C):573 million tonnes.
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The passage states world fruit production went up 54% between 2000 and 2019, reaching 883 million tonnes in 2019. We need the 2000 figure. Let's check each option by seeing what a 54% increase on it would produce.
- 474 million tonnes: \( 474 \times 1.54 \approx 730 \) million tonnes, well short of 883.
- 517 million tonnes: \( 517 \times 1.54 \approx 796 \) million tonnes, still short of 883.
- 573 million tonnes: \( 573 \times 1.54 \approx 882.4 \) million tonnes, matching the given 2019 figure of 883 million tonnes almost exactly.
- 406 million tonnes: \( 406 \times 1.54 \approx 625 \) million tonnes, far below 883.
Only option (C) produces a 2019 figure that lands on 883 million tonnes once a 54% increase is applied.
Therefore, the correct answer is 573 million tonnes.
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Question: 2
Of the five fruit species mentioned in the passage above, the share of bananas and plantains increased by 1 percentage point between 2000 and 2019, watermelons in 2019 was 6 percentage points lower than bananas and plantains in 2000, apples remained stable at 10%, and the percentage share of oranges and grapes reduced to half of bananas in 2019 . What was the percentage of bananas and plantains in 2019?
Of the five fruit species mentioned in the passage above, the share of bananas and plantains increased by 1 percentage point between 2000 and 2019, watermelons in 2019 was 6 percentage points lower than bananas and plantains in 2000, apples remained stable at 10%, and the percentage share of oranges and grapes reduced to half of bananas in 2019 . What was the percentage of bananas and plantains in 2019?
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- 17%
- 18%
- 16%
- 21%
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The Correct Option is B
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The correct option is (B): 18%
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The passage sets up several relationships among the five fruit species' shares of the 2019 total (57%): bananas and plantains rose by 1 percentage point over their 2000 share, watermelons in 2019 were 6 points lower than bananas and plantains were in 2000, apples held steady at 10%, and oranges and grapes each fell to half of bananas and plantains' 2019 share. Let's test each option by checking whether all five 2019 shares add up to 57%.
- 17%: bananas 2000 would be 16%, watermelon 2019 = 16 - 6 = 10%, oranges = grapes = 8.5% each, apples = 10%. Total = 17 + 10 + 10 + 8.5 + 8.5 = 54%, short of 57%.
- 18%: bananas 2000 would be 17%, watermelon 2019 = 17 - 6 = 11%, oranges = grapes = 9% each, apples = 10%. Total = 18 + 11 + 10 + 9 + 9 = 57%, matching exactly.
- 16%: bananas 2000 would be 15%, watermelon 2019 = 15 - 6 = 9%, oranges = grapes = 8% each, apples = 10%. Total = 16 + 9 + 10 + 8 + 8 = 51%, well short of 57%.
- 21%: bananas 2000 would be 20%, watermelon 2019 = 20 - 6 = 14%, oranges = grapes = 10.5% each, apples = 10%. Total = 21 + 14 + 10 + 10.5 + 10.5 = 66%, overshooting 57%.
Only the 18% figure keeps all five 2019 shares consistent with the passage's 57% total.
Therefore, the correct answer is 18%.
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Question: 3
Of the watermelons in 2000, one-eighth perished, one-fifth of the remaining was sold to be juiced and 30% of the remaining was exported. If the percentage share of oranges in 2000 was equal to the percentage share of watermelons in 2019, how many watermelons were retained for home sale and consumption?
Of the watermelons in 2000, one-eighth perished, one-fifth of the remaining was sold to be juiced and 30% of the remaining was exported. If the percentage share of oranges in 2000 was equal to the percentage share of watermelons in 2019, how many watermelons were retained for home sale and consumption?
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- 39.2 million tonnes
- 1.6 million tonnes
- 16.8 million tonnes
- 2.7 million tonnes
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The Correct Option is A
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The correct option is (A): 39.2 million tonnes.
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From the previous relationships, bananas and plantains held a 17% share in 2000 and apples held a stable 10%. The passage tells us oranges' 2000 share equals watermelons' 2019 share (11%, from \( 17 - 6 \)); since oranges and grapes carried equal shares of 9% each in 2019 (both being half of bananas and plantains), the same pairing holds in 2000, so grapes also held an 11% share that year. That leaves watermelon's 2000 share as the remainder of the five-species 2000 total of 63%:
\[ \text{Watermelon 2000 share} = 63 - 17 - 10 - 11 - 11 = 14\% \]With total 2000 production at 573 million tonnes (from the earlier question), watermelon production in 2000:
\[ 0.14 \times 573 \approx 80.2 \text{ million tonnes} \]Applying the successive reductions: one-eighth perished, one-fifth of the remainder was juiced, then 30% of what was left was exported:
\[ 80.2 \times \dfrac{7}{8} \times \dfrac{4}{5} \times 0.70 \approx 39.3 \text{ million tonnes} \]- 39.2 million tonnes: matches the value obtained by applying all three successive reductions to the 2000 watermelon output.
- 1.6 million tonnes: far too small, this would imply an almost negligible starting quantity of watermelons.
- 16.8 million tonnes: corresponds to skipping one of the three reduction steps, not the full chain described.
- 2.7 million tonnes: far too small relative to the actual watermelon production share worked out above.
Therefore, the correct answer is 39.2 million tonnes.
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Question: 4
Assume that all grapes and apples were sold through a single organisation in 2000. Grapes and apples were sold to 4 different customers such that a certain quantity of apples were sold to the first customer, same number of apples were sold to the second customer as to the first and a certain number of grapes were sold to that customer after which apples were over. Twice the quantity of grapes sold to the second was sold to the third customer and twice the quantity sold to the third was sold to the fourth customer. The total quantity of grapes is equal to the total quantity of apples sold and the remaining grapes were stored. How many grapes were sold to each customer?
Assume that all grapes and apples were sold through a single organisation in 2000. Grapes and apples were sold to 4 different customers such that a certain quantity of apples were sold to the first customer, same number of apples were sold to the second customer as to the first and a certain number of grapes were sold to that customer after which apples were over. Twice the quantity of grapes sold to the second was sold to the third customer and twice the quantity sold to the third was sold to the fourth customer. The total quantity of grapes is equal to the total quantity of apples sold and the remaining grapes were stored. How many grapes were sold to each customer?
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- 19.1 million tonnes
- 8.2 million tonnes
- 62.91 million tonnes
- 9.4 million tonnes
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The Correct Option is C
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The correct option is (C):62.91 million tonnes .
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This question is built on the grape production figures for 2000. From the earlier relationships, grapes carried the same 11% share of total 2000 fruit production as oranges did that year (the two moved together, each ending 2019 at half of bananas and plantains' share). With total 2000 production at 573 million tonnes:
\[ \text{Grape production in 2000} = 0.11 \times 573 \approx 62.9 \text{ million tonnes} \]This is the pool of grapes available for the customer transactions described: a fixed quantity was sold to the second, third and fourth customers in the ratio 1 : 2 : 4 (matching the total quantity of apples sold), with the balance held back in storage.
- 19.1 million tonnes: too small to represent the full 2000 grape output computed from its 11% share.
- 8.2 million tonnes: this is closer to the amount sold to a single customer in the 1:2:4 split, not the total grape production for the year.
- 62.91 million tonnes: matches the 2000 grape production worked out from its 11% share of the 573 million tonne total.
- 9.4 million tonnes: too small, well below the total grape output for 2000.
Therefore, the correct answer is 62.91 million tonnes.
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Question: 5
Frutopia and Fruitfix both sold oranges at the same selling price. However, Frutopia gave customers a 15% discount on the marked price whereas Fruitfix sold the oranges for a discount of 20% on the marked price. If the marked price of oranges on Frutopia is ₹ 75/kg, what is the marked price of oranges on Fruitfix?
Frutopia and Fruitfix both sold oranges at the same selling price. However, Frutopia gave customers a 15% discount on the marked price whereas Fruitfix sold the oranges for a discount of 20% on the marked price. If the marked price of oranges on Frutopia is ₹ 75/kg, what is the marked price of oranges on Fruitfix?
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- ₹ 78
- ₹ 82
- ₹ 90
- ₹ 80
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The Correct Option is D
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The correct option is (D): ₹ 80.
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Frutopia and Fruitfix sell oranges at the same selling price, but apply different discount percentages to different marked prices. Let's work out Fruitfix's marked price using the equal-selling-price condition.
Frutopia's selling price (15% discount on Rs 75):
\[ SP = 75 \times (1 - 0.15) = 75 \times 0.85 = 63.75 \]Since Fruitfix sells at the same Rs 63.75 after a 20% discount on its own marked price \( MP \):
\[ 63.75 = MP \times (1 - 0.20) = MP \times 0.80 \]\[ MP = \dfrac{63.75}{0.80} = 79.6875 \approx 80 \]- Rs 78: too low; at a 20% discount this would give a selling price under Rs 62.50, not matching Frutopia's Rs 63.75.
- Rs 82: too high; a 20% discount on this would produce a selling price above Rs 65.50.
- Rs 90: far too high, well above what's needed to match the Rs 63.75 selling price.
- Rs 80: a 20% discount on Rs 80 gives Rs 64, closest to Frutopia's Rs 63.75 among the given options.
Therefore, the correct answer is Rs 80.
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