Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question tests general knowledge related to the history of computer science, asking for the pioneer known as the "Father of Artificial Intelligence."
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- John McCarthy is universally recognized as the "Father of Artificial Intelligence." He coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" in 1955 when he proposed the historic Dartmouth Conference, which took place in 1956 and officially launched the field of AI.
- Alan Turing is highly influential in the conceptualization of AI (e.g., the Turing Test) and is known as the father of theoretical computer science, but McCarthy holds the specific title for AI.
- Charles Babbage is known as the "Father of the Computer" for inventing the Analytical Engine.
- Tim Berners-Lee is the inventor of the World Wide Web.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct choice is (B).