Step 1: About P.C. Mahalanobis.
Prof. P.C. Mahalanobis, a renowned statistician, played a key role in India’s economic planning and statistical development.
Step 2: The committee.
He was the chairman of the National Income Committee established in 1949 to estimate India’s national income.
Step 3: Analyzing the options.
(A) Central Statistical Organization: Established later, not under him.
(B) Human Development Index: Introduced much later by UNDP.
(C) National Income Committee: Correct — chaired by Mahalanobis.
(D) Planning Commission: Established in 1950, but not under him.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Thus, the correct answer is the National Income Committee.