Which type of error is caused due to faulty calibration of instruments?
Show Hint
- Gross error
- Random error
- Systematic error
- Environmental error
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Measurement errors occur when the observed value differs from the true value. These errors can arise due to human mistakes, instrument faults, or external conditions.
Step 2: Understanding systematic errors.
Systematic errors are consistent and repeatable errors that occur due to faults in the measuring instrument, improper calibration, or incorrect zero setting. Faulty calibration causes the instrument to give biased readings in the same direction every time.
Step 3: Analyzing the options.
(A) Gross error: These are caused by human mistakes such as incorrect reading or recording.
(B) Random error: These occur due to unpredictable variations and do not follow a fixed pattern.
(C) Systematic error: Correct — faulty calibration causes a consistent deviation in measurements, which is the definition of systematic error.
(D) Environmental error: These errors arise due to changes in temperature, humidity, or pressure.
Step 4: Conclusion.
Since faulty calibration produces consistent and repeatable errors, it results in systematic error.
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