Question

Which type of DNA is primarily used in DNA fingerprinting?

• A. Coding DNA
• B. Mitochondrial DNA
• C. Satellite DNA Non-coding repetitive DNA
• D. Ribosomal DNA

Hint:

DNA fingerprinting is based on polymorphism in repetitive non-coding DNA sequences known as satellite DNA or VNTRs.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept: DNA fingerprinting is a molecular technique used to identify individuals based on unique DNA patterns. The technique relies on highly variable repetitive DNA sequences that differ significantly among individuals. These repetitive DNA regions are collectively known as satellite DNA.

Step 1: Understanding DNA Fingerprinting
Every human being possesses a unique pattern of repetitive DNA sequences except identical twins. These sequence variations allow scientists to identify individuals accurately.

Step 2: Role of Satellite DNA
Satellite DNA consists of highly repetitive non-coding sequences. Because the number of repeats varies among individuals, these regions exhibit a high degree of polymorphism. This polymorphism forms the basis of DNA fingerprinting.

Step 3: Examine Other Options
Coding DNA generally remains highly conserved because it determines protein synthesis. Mitochondrial DNA is useful in evolutionary and maternal lineage studies but is not the primary DNA used in classical DNA fingerprinting. Ribosomal DNA is also relatively conserved and therefore unsuitable for individual identification.

Step 4: Final Identification
Since satellite DNA exhibits maximum variation among individuals, it serves as the primary material for DNA fingerprinting. \[ \boxed{\text{(C) Satellite DNA / Non-coding repetitive DNA}} \]