Step 1: Recall the objective of proteomics.
Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, including their identification, structure, abundance and post-translational modifications.
Step 2: Identify the commonly used technique.
Mass spectrometry is the principal analytical technique used for protein identification and characterization.
Hence,
\[
\boxed{\text{Mass spectrometry}}
\]
is the correct answer.
Therefore,
\[
\boxed{(C)}
\]
is the correct answer.