Step 1: Classify the given rocks.
\[
\begin{aligned}
\text{Marble} &\rightarrow \text{Metamorphic},
\text{Slate} &\rightarrow \text{Metamorphic},
\text{Gneiss} &\rightarrow \text{Metamorphic},
\text{Conglomerate} &\rightarrow \text{Sedimentary}.
\end{aligned}
\]
Step 2: Choose the sedimentary rock.
Conglomerate is formed by the cementation of rounded rock fragments.
Hence,
\[
\boxed{\text{Conglomerate}}
\]
is the correct answer.
Therefore,
\[
\boxed{(B)}
\]
is the correct answer.