Which of the following types of RNA carries amino acids towards ribosome during translation ?
- tRNA
- mRNA
- rRNA
- dsRNA
The Correct Option is A
Approach Solution - 1
tRNA (Transfer RNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching codons on mRNA with anticodons.
rRNA (A) forms ribosomes' structure and catalyzes peptide bond formation.
dsRNA (B) is double-stranded RNA, typically involved in viral genomes or gene silencing.
mRNA (D) carries the genetic code from DNA to ribosomes but does not transport amino acids.
Approach Solution -2
RNA is a nucleic acid which is made up of a ribose sugar, nitrogenous bases (adenine, uracil, guanine and thymine) and phosphate group. Transcription of DNA strand results in the formation of mRNA. Messenger RNA or mRNA has the coding sequence which is required to produce the protein through the process of translation. Double-stranded RNA occurs in some viruses such as reovirus, wound tumor virus, etc.
The tRNA or transfer RNA is an adapter molecule which is meant for transferring amino acids to ribosomes for the synthesis of polypeptides. They have special sites onto which the amino acids can bind and are taken to the site of protein synthesis. rRNA or ribosomal RNA is the most abundant RNA found in a cell. The rRNA is a constituent of ribosomes.
Hence, the correct option is (A): tRNA
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Concepts Used:
Translation
The translation is the process of converting nucleic acid information into amino acids. It also relates to the process of producing proteins from mRNA templates.
Components of Translation:
The main components of translation include :
- mRNA of both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
- tRNA - It helps in sending commands or transferring the information between protein and nucleic acids.
- Ribosomes - It contains ribosomal RNA and proteins, therefore, it is called the manufacturing unit of a cell.
- Enzymes - It is required for the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids and also to attach amino acids to the accurate tRNA molecules.
- Proteins - They are the soluble factors, which are required for proper initiation, elongation and termination of translation.
Translation Process:
The three stages of translation are-
- Initiation involves assembling ribosomes around mRNA and activating amino acid and delivering it to the transfer RNA.
- Elongation is the process in which the RNA strand gets longer by adding amino acids.
- The termination process only involves releasing a polypeptide chain.