Question:
Which of the following teratogenic effects is incorrectly matched?
Which of the following teratogenic effects is incorrectly matched?
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One antiretroviral is safe in pregnancy and has no bone teratogenicity.
Updated On: Jun 24, 2026
- Phenytoin and Cleft lip / palate
- Zidovudine and Skull defects
- Valproate and Neural tube defects
- Warfarin and Nasal bone dysplasia
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: The question asks for the WRONG drug-defect pairing. So three pairs are correct and one is false.
Step 2: Phenytoin (an anticonvulsant) causes fetal hydantoin syndrome. Features include cleft lip and palate, craniofacial defects, hypoplastic nails and growth retardation. So option A is a CORRECT match.
Step 3: Valproate is strongly linked to neural tube defects, mainly spina bifida, when taken in the first trimester. So option C is a CORRECT match.
Step 4: Warfarin crosses the placenta and causes fetal warfarin syndrome. Classic features are nasal bone hypoplasia (nasal bone dysplasia) and stippled epiphyses. So option D is a CORRECT match.
Step 5: Zidovudine is an antiretroviral used safely in pregnancy to prevent vertical HIV transmission. It is NOT associated with skull defects. Skull (calvarial) defects are classically linked to methimazole/carbimazole (aplasia cutis) and to ACE inhibitors. So the pairing Zidovudine and skull defects is FALSE.
Conclusion: The incorrectly matched pair is option B, Zidovudine and skull defects.
Step 2: Phenytoin (an anticonvulsant) causes fetal hydantoin syndrome. Features include cleft lip and palate, craniofacial defects, hypoplastic nails and growth retardation. So option A is a CORRECT match.
Step 3: Valproate is strongly linked to neural tube defects, mainly spina bifida, when taken in the first trimester. So option C is a CORRECT match.
Step 4: Warfarin crosses the placenta and causes fetal warfarin syndrome. Classic features are nasal bone hypoplasia (nasal bone dysplasia) and stippled epiphyses. So option D is a CORRECT match.
Step 5: Zidovudine is an antiretroviral used safely in pregnancy to prevent vertical HIV transmission. It is NOT associated with skull defects. Skull (calvarial) defects are classically linked to methimazole/carbimazole (aplasia cutis) and to ACE inhibitors. So the pairing Zidovudine and skull defects is FALSE.
Conclusion: The incorrectly matched pair is option B, Zidovudine and skull defects.
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