Question:

Which of the following slows down the process of setting of the cement ?

Updated On: May 1, 2023

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Solution and Explanation

Gypsum plays an important role in controlling the amount of cement hardening. Because cement dries quickly, it is added to concrete and cement to slow down the drying time. Therefore the answer is Gypsum.

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Concepts Used:

Acids and Bases

Acid is any hydrogen-containing substance that is capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion) to another substance. Base is an ion or molecule capable of accepting a hydrogen ion from acid.

Physical Properties of Acids and Bases

Physical Properties	ACIDS	BASES
Taste	Sour	Bitter
Colour on Litmus paper	Turns blue litmus red	Turns red litmus blue
Ions produced on dissociation	H+	OH-
pH	<7 (less than 7)	>7 (more than 7)
Strong acids	HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄	NaOH, KOH
Weak Acids	CH₃COOH, H₃PO₄, H₂CO₃	NH4OH

Chemical Properties of Acids and Bases

Type of Reaction	Acid	Bases
Reaction with Metals	Acid + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas (H₂) E.g., Zn(s)+ dil. H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄(Zinc Sulphate) + H₂	Base + Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas (H₂) E.g., 2NaOH +Zn → Na2ZnO₂ (Sodium zincate) + H₂
Reaction with hydrogen carbonates (bicarbonate) and carbonates	Metal carbonate/Metal hydrogen carbonate + Acid → Salt + Carbon dioxide + Water E.g., HCl+NaOH → NaCl+ H₂O 2. Na₂CO₃+ 2 HCl(aq) →2NaCl(aq)+ H₂O(l) + CO₂(g) 3. Na₂CO₃+ 2H₂SO₄(aq) →2Na₂SO₄(aq)+ H₂O(l) + CO₂(g) 4. NaHCO₃+ HCl → NaCl+ H₂O+ CO₂	Base+ Carbonate/ bicarbonate → No reaction
Neutralisation Reaction	Base + Acid → Salt + Water E.g., NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l)	Base + Acid → Salt + Water E.g., CaO+ HCl (l) → CaCl₂ (aq)+ H₂O (l)
Reaction with Oxides	Metal oxide + Acid → Salt + Water E.g., CaO+ HCl (l) → CaCl₂ (aq)+ H₂O (l)	Non- Metallic oxide + Base → Salt + Water E.g., Ca(OH)₂+ CO₂ → CaCO₃+ H₂O
Dissolution in Water	Acid gives H+ ions in water. E.g., HCl → H+ + Cl- HCl + H₂O → H₃O+ + Cl–	Base gives OH- ions in water.

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