A polynomial can only have whole number powers of the variable \( x \). Let's check each option:
- Option (A): The exponents of \( x \) are whole numbers, so this is a polynomial.
- Option (B): The exponents of \( x \) are whole numbers, so this is a polynomial.
- Option (C): \( 2\sqrt{x} \) has \( x^{\frac{1}{2}} \), which is not a whole number, so this is not a polynomial.
- Option (D): The exponents of \( x \) are whole numbers, so this is a polynomial.
Thus, the correct answer is \( \boxed{C} \).