Question:
Which of the following is a recognised risk factor for Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following is a recognised risk factor for Alzheimer's disease?
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APP gene is on chromosome 21, so trisomy 21 raises amyloid and Alzheimer's risk.
Updated On: Jun 23, 2026
- Klinefelter syndrome
- Low BP
- Down's syndrome
- None
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Alzheimer's disease is characterised by deposition of beta-amyloid plaques, which are derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP).
Step 2: The APP gene sits on chromosome 21. People with Down syndrome carry an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) and therefore an extra dose of the APP gene.
Step 3: This gene-dosage effect leads to excess amyloid accumulation in brain cells from an early age, so almost all individuals with Down syndrome develop Alzheimer-type pathology and early-onset dementia. Down's syndrome (c) is thus a clear risk factor.
Step 4: Klinefelter syndrome (a) and low blood pressure (b) are not established Alzheimer's risk factors, so option c is correct and option d (None) is wrong.
Step 2: The APP gene sits on chromosome 21. People with Down syndrome carry an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21) and therefore an extra dose of the APP gene.
Step 3: This gene-dosage effect leads to excess amyloid accumulation in brain cells from an early age, so almost all individuals with Down syndrome develop Alzheimer-type pathology and early-onset dementia. Down's syndrome (c) is thus a clear risk factor.
Step 4: Klinefelter syndrome (a) and low blood pressure (b) are not established Alzheimer's risk factors, so option c is correct and option d (None) is wrong.
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