Question:
Which of the following chemical species will dominantly exist in water having a pH of less than 5?
Which of the following chemical species will dominantly exist in water having a pH of less than 5?
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The pH level determines the dominant form of carbon species in water: H2CO3 at low pH, HCO^− 3 at neutral pH, and CO2− 3 at high pH.
Updated On: Feb 20, 2026
- HCO3−
- CO32−
- H2CO3
- Free CO2
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
At a pH of less than 5, the water is acidic. Under these conditions, carbonic acid (H2CO3) is the dominant species because the equilibrium shifts towards the protonated form of carbon dioxide in water:
CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3
Bicarbonate (HCO3−) and carbonate (CO32−) are predominant only at higher pH levels.
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