Question

Which activity (the signal transduction pathway) of metformin is responsible for the inhibitory effect on glucose production by liver cells?

• A. \( \text{Activation of AMPK} \)
• B. \( \text{Inhibition of hormone-sensitive lipase} \)
• C. \( \text{Inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)} \)
• D. \( \text{Allosteric regulation by binding to a crucial section of the DNA that makes proteins needed for glucose uptake} \)

Hint:

AMPK acts as an energy sensor in cells, regulating metabolism to enhance glucose uptake and improve insulin sensitivity.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Metformin exerts its glucose-lowering effect primarily through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis, improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing glucose production by liver cells. This mechanism makes metformin a first-line drug in the management of type 2 diabetes.