Step 1: Background.
The French Revolution of 1848 was a wave of revolutions in Europe against monarchy and in favor of democracy.
Step 2: Causes.
- Economic hardship and unemployment.
- Widespread poverty among peasants and workers.
- Growing demand for universal suffrage and democratic reforms.
- Influence of earlier French Revolution (1789).
Step 3: Outcome.
The monarchy of Louis-Philippe was overthrown and the Second Republic was established.