Step 1: Understand the passage.
The passage states that the Mediterranean diet is rich in healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats. It lists several benefits, including reducing the risk of heart disease, improving brain health, and promoting longevity.
Step 2: Analyze the answer option.
(A) Increased risk of heart disease — Incorrect, the passage says it \textit{reduces} risk.
(B) Reduced brain health — Incorrect, passage mentions it \textit{improves} brain health.
(C) Reduced risk of heart disease — Correct, explicitly stated in the passage.
(D) Promoted consumption of processed foods — Incorrect, the passage emphasizes \textit{fresh, unprocessed} foods.
Hence, the correct answer is option (C) Reduced risk of heart disease.