Question

What is a stomata? Write the function of stomata.

Hint:

Guard cells change shape by absorbing or losing water (turgor pressure), which causes the stomatal pore to open or close.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Plants need to exchange gases with the atmosphere for photosynthesis and respiration, and regulate water loss.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Definition: Stomata (singular: stoma) are microscopic pores or openings situated primarily in the epidermis of leaves (especially on the underside) and young stems. Each pore is flanked by two specialized guard cells that regulate its opening and closing.
Function:
1. Gas Exchange: They allow the intake of carbon dioxide (for photosynthesis) and the release of oxygen (a byproduct of photosynthesis) and carbon dioxide (from respiration).
2. Transpiration: They are the primary site for the evaporative loss of water vapor from the plant, which creates a transpirational pull helping in the ascent of sap.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Stomata are pores on leaves responsible for transpiration and the exchange of O$_2$ and CO$_2$.