Concept:
Malaria is a protozoan disease caused by species of Plasmodium.
The parasite requires two hosts to complete its life cycle:
• Human (intermediate host)
• Female Anopheles mosquito (definitive host and vector)
Step 1: Identify the causative organism.
Plasmodium vivax is one of the important malaria-causing species in humans.
Step 2: Identify the transmitting agent.
The infective sporozoites are injected into humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito.
Step 3: Eliminate other options.
• Periplaneta = Cockroach
• Musca = Housefly
• Culex = Vector of filariasis and some viral diseases
None of these transmit Plasmodium vivax.
Step 4: Final conclusion.
The vector is:
\[
\boxed{\textit{Anopheles}}
\]
Hence option (C) is correct.