Question

Two places `A' and `B' have been marked on the given political outline map of India. Identify them with the help of the following information and write their correct names on the lines drawn near them: A. The place where the session of the Indian National Congress was held in September 1920.
B. The place where Mahatma Gandhi led the Peasant Movement against Indigo Cultivation.

Hint:

Remember these important map locations:

• Calcutta (Kolkata) -- Congress Session (September 1920), approval of the Non-Cooperation Movement.

• Champaran (Bihar) -- Gandhi's first Satyagraha against Indigo planters (1917).
Easy memory trick: \[ \boxed{\text{Calcutta} \Rightarrow \text{Non-Cooperation (1920)}} \] \[ \boxed{\text{Champaran} \Rightarrow \text{Indigo Satyagraha (1917)}} \]

Answer 1

Step 1: Identify Place (A).
The first clue refers to the Session of the Indian National Congress held in September 1920. This was the historic Calcutta (Kolkata) Session, where the Congress accepted Mahatma Gandhi's proposal to launch the Non-Cooperation Movement. The session marked a turning point in the Indian National Movement because it transformed the freedom struggle into a mass movement involving people from different sections of society. Therefore, the place marked as A is Calcutta (Kolkata).

Step 2: Historical importance of Calcutta Session.
The Calcutta Session of September 1920 discussed the future course of the national movement. The Congress approved the programme of Non-Cooperation against British rule, which included the boycott of government institutions, foreign goods and law courts. This decision laid the foundation for one of the most significant mass movements in India's struggle for independence.

Step 3: Identify Place (B).
The second clue refers to the place where Mahatma Gandhi led the famous Peasant Movement against Indigo Cultivation. This movement is known as the Champaran Satyagraha of 1917. It was Gandhi's first successful satyagraha in India and was organised to protect indigo farmers from the exploitative Tinkathia system imposed by European planters. Therefore, the place marked as B is Champaran in present-day Bihar.

Step 4: Importance of Champaran Satyagraha.
The Champaran Movement was one of the earliest successful experiments of Gandhian methods of non-violent resistance in India. Gandhi investigated the problems of indigo cultivators, mobilised peasants peacefully and compelled the British Government to accept many of their demands. The success of this movement established Gandhi as a national leader and strengthened public confidence in the method of Satyagraha.

Step 5: Final conclusion.
Thus, the correct places are: \[ \boxed{\textbf{A = Calcutta (Kolkata)}} \] \[ \boxed{\textbf{B = Champaran}} \] A -- Calcutta (Kolkata) B -- Champaran