Two nucleotides are joined together by a linkage known as:
Disulphide linkage
Glycosidic linkage
Phosphodiester linkage
Peptide linkage
The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
To determine the correct linkage that joins two nucleotides, we need to understand the structure of nucleotides and how they connect to form nucleic acids like DNA or RNA.
- Nucleotide Structure:
- A nucleotide consists of three components: a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
- Linkage Between Nucleotides:
- Nucleotides are joined in a strand by bonding through the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3' -OH group of the sugar in the next nucleotide. This bonding creates a long chain, with a backbone made of sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate and so on.
- The specific type of bond forming this linkage is known as a phosphodiester linkage. In a phosphodiester bond, the phosphate group links the 5' carbon of one sugar to the 3' carbon of the next sugar in the chain.
- This phosphodiester linkage is crucial for creating the backbone structure of nucleic acids, allowing them to assume the correct geometry and function.
- Ruling Out Other Options:
- Disulphide linkage: Typically found in protein structures, particularly in the stabilization of protein tertiary and quaternary structures, and not in nucleic acids.
- Glycosidic linkage: Common in carbohydrates, linking sugars by connecting an anomeric carbon of a sugar to another molecule, such as forming part of nucleoside structure, not between nucleotides.
- Peptide linkage: Found in proteins, forming the backbone of proteins by linking amino acids, not nucleotides.
Thus, the correct answer is that two nucleotides are joined together by a phosphodiester linkage.
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Concepts Used:
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids are explained as long-chain polymeric molecules, where the monomer (the repeating unit) is referred to as the nucleotides. Thus many times nucleic acids are referred to as polynucleotides. The two main kinds of nucleic acids are-
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
Chemically, DNA is a composition of a pentose sugar, phosphoric acid, and some cyclic bases that have nitrogen in them. DNA has β-D-2-deoxyribose in it, in the form of the sugar moiety.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
The RNA molecule is a composition of phosphoric acid, a pentose sugar, and some cyclic bases containing nitrogen. The sugar moiety inside RNA molecules is β-D-ribose.