Step 1: Understanding scaffolding.
Scaffolding refers to the support provided by more knowledgeable others to help learners achieve tasks they cannot complete independently. Step 2: Cultural emphasis in development.
Lev Vygotsky emphasized that cognitive development is socially and culturally mediated, particularly through language and interaction. Step 3: Analysis of options.
(A) Correct: Vygotsky introduced concepts like the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) and scaffolding.
(B) Piaget focused on individual discovery rather than social mediation.
(C) Atkinson-Shiffrin deals with memory systems, not social learning.
(D) Karmiloff-Smith focuses on representational redescription, not scaffolding. Step 4: Conclusion.
Culture and guided interaction are central to Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development. Final Answer: (A) Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development