Comprehension
The provided bar graphs outline the population and national income of a country from the fiscal years 2014-15 to 2019-20. For each of the ensuing questions, select the most suitable option.
Question: 1
In which year is the difference between the percentage increase in per capita income and the percentage increase in population compared to the previous year the highest?
In which year is the difference between the percentage increase in per capita income and the percentage increase in population compared to the previous year the highest?
Show Hint
When multiple questions are based on the same data set, create a master table with all primary calculations (like PCI) and secondary calculations (like year-on-year increase) at the beginning to save time.
Updated On: Feb 14, 2026
- 2016-17
- 2018-19
- 2017-18
- 2015-16
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Question:
We need to calculate the percentage increase in population and the percentage increase in Per Capita Income (PCI) for each year compared to the previous year. Then, we find the difference between these two percentages for each year and identify the year with the highest difference.
Preliminary Calculations: To answer the questions efficiently, we first calculate the Per Capita Income (PCI) for each year. The formula for Per Capita Income is: \[ \text{Per Capita Income (PCI)} = \frac{\text{National Income}}{\text{Population}} \] The given National Income is in 'Rupees Crore' and the Population is in 'crore'. Therefore, the PCI will be in 'Rupees'.
PCI 2014-15: \( \frac{343837.5}{111.00} = 3097.64 \)
PCI 2015-16: \( \frac{391761.0}{112.50} = 3482.32 \)
PCI 2016-17: \( \frac{437334.0}{115.50} = 3786.44 \)
PCI 2017-18: \( \frac{494901.0}{117.75} = 4202.98 \)
PCI 2018-19: \( \frac{582808.5}{120.00} = 4856.74 \)
PCI 2019-20: \( \frac{650250.0}{122.25} = 5318.98 \)
These values will be used in the following solutions.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
\[ \text{Percentage Increase} = \frac{\text{Current Year Value} - \text{Previous Year Value}}{\text{Previous Year Value}} \times 100% \] We will apply this formula to both Population and PCI for the years 2015-16 to 2019-20.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's calculate the required values for each year.
For 2015-16:
% Inc. in Population = \( \frac{112.50 - 111.00}{111.00} \times 100 \approx 1.35% \)
% Inc. in PCI = \( \frac{3482.32 - 3097.64}{3097.64} \times 100 \approx 12.42% \)
Difference = 12.42% - 1.35% = 11.07%
For 2016-17:
% Inc. in Population = \( \frac{115.50 - 112.50}{112.50} \times 100 \approx 2.67% \)
% Inc. in PCI = \( \frac{3786.44 - 3482.32}{3482.32} \times 100 \approx 8.73% \)
Difference = 8.73% - 2.67% = 6.06%
For 2017-18:
% Inc. in Population = \( \frac{117.75 - 115.50}{115.50} \times 100 \approx 1.95% \)
% Inc. in PCI = \( \frac{4202.98 - 3786.44}{3786.44} \times 100 \approx 11.00% \)
Difference = 11.00% - 1.95% = 9.05%
For 2018-19:
% Inc. in Population = \( \frac{120.00 - 117.75}{117.75} \times 100 \approx 1.91% \)
% Inc. in PCI = \( \frac{4856.74 - 4202.98}{4202.98} \times 100 \approx 15.55% \)
Difference = 15.55% - 1.91% = 13.64%
For 2019-20:
% Inc. in Population = \( \frac{122.25 - 120.00}{120.00} \times 100 \approx 1.88% \)
% Inc. in PCI = \( \frac{5318.98 - 4856.74}{4856.74} \times 100 \approx 9.52% \)
Difference = 9.52% - 1.88% = 7.64%
Comparing the differences, the highest value is 13.64% in the year 2018-19.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The difference is highest in the year 2018-19.
We need to calculate the percentage increase in population and the percentage increase in Per Capita Income (PCI) for each year compared to the previous year. Then, we find the difference between these two percentages for each year and identify the year with the highest difference.
Preliminary Calculations: To answer the questions efficiently, we first calculate the Per Capita Income (PCI) for each year. The formula for Per Capita Income is: \[ \text{Per Capita Income (PCI)} = \frac{\text{National Income}}{\text{Population}} \] The given National Income is in 'Rupees Crore' and the Population is in 'crore'. Therefore, the PCI will be in 'Rupees'.
PCI 2014-15: \( \frac{343837.5}{111.00} = 3097.64 \)
PCI 2015-16: \( \frac{391761.0}{112.50} = 3482.32 \)
PCI 2016-17: \( \frac{437334.0}{115.50} = 3786.44 \)
PCI 2017-18: \( \frac{494901.0}{117.75} = 4202.98 \)
PCI 2018-19: \( \frac{582808.5}{120.00} = 4856.74 \)
PCI 2019-20: \( \frac{650250.0}{122.25} = 5318.98 \)
These values will be used in the following solutions.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
\[ \text{Percentage Increase} = \frac{\text{Current Year Value} - \text{Previous Year Value}}{\text{Previous Year Value}} \times 100% \] We will apply this formula to both Population and PCI for the years 2015-16 to 2019-20.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Let's calculate the required values for each year.
For 2015-16:
% Inc. in Population = \( \frac{112.50 - 111.00}{111.00} \times 100 \approx 1.35% \)
% Inc. in PCI = \( \frac{3482.32 - 3097.64}{3097.64} \times 100 \approx 12.42% \)
Difference = 12.42% - 1.35% = 11.07%
For 2016-17:
% Inc. in Population = \( \frac{115.50 - 112.50}{112.50} \times 100 \approx 2.67% \)
% Inc. in PCI = \( \frac{3786.44 - 3482.32}{3482.32} \times 100 \approx 8.73% \)
Difference = 8.73% - 2.67% = 6.06%
For 2017-18:
% Inc. in Population = \( \frac{117.75 - 115.50}{115.50} \times 100 \approx 1.95% \)
% Inc. in PCI = \( \frac{4202.98 - 3786.44}{3786.44} \times 100 \approx 11.00% \)
Difference = 11.00% - 1.95% = 9.05%
For 2018-19:
% Inc. in Population = \( \frac{120.00 - 117.75}{117.75} \times 100 \approx 1.91% \)
% Inc. in PCI = \( \frac{4856.74 - 4202.98}{4202.98} \times 100 \approx 15.55% \)
Difference = 15.55% - 1.91% = 13.64%
For 2019-20:
% Inc. in Population = \( \frac{122.25 - 120.00}{120.00} \times 100 \approx 1.88% \)
% Inc. in PCI = \( \frac{5318.98 - 4856.74}{4856.74} \times 100 \approx 9.52% \)
Difference = 9.52% - 1.88% = 7.64%
Comparing the differences, the highest value is 13.64% in the year 2018-19.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The difference is highest in the year 2018-19.
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Question: 2
In which year is the increase in per capita income compared to the previous year the lowest?
In which year is the increase in per capita income compared to the previous year the lowest?
Show Hint
Pay close attention to the wording: "increase" usually means the absolute difference, while "percentage increase" is a ratio. Misinterpreting this can lead to a wrong answer.
Updated On: Feb 14, 2026
- 2019-20
- 2016-17
- 2015-16
- 2017-18
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question asks for the year with the smallest absolute increase (not percentage) in per capita income compared to the preceding year.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
We need to calculate the difference in PCI between each year and the previous year.
\[ \text{Increase in PCI} = \text{PCI of Current Year} - \text{PCI of Previous Year} \] Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Using the PCI values calculated previously:
Increase in 2015-16: \( 3482.32 - 3097.64 = 384.68 \)
Increase in 2016-17: \( 3786.44 - 3482.32 = 304.12 \)
Increase in 2017-18: \( 4202.98 - 3786.44 = 416.54 \)
Increase in 2018-19: \( 4856.74 - 4202.98 = 653.76 \)
Increase in 2019-20: \( 5318.98 - 4856.74 = 462.24 \)
Comparing the absolute increases, the lowest value is 304.12.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The lowest increase in per capita income occurred in the year 2016-17.
The question asks for the year with the smallest absolute increase (not percentage) in per capita income compared to the preceding year.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
We need to calculate the difference in PCI between each year and the previous year.
\[ \text{Increase in PCI} = \text{PCI of Current Year} - \text{PCI of Previous Year} \] Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Using the PCI values calculated previously:
Increase in 2015-16: \( 3482.32 - 3097.64 = 384.68 \)
Increase in 2016-17: \( 3786.44 - 3482.32 = 304.12 \)
Increase in 2017-18: \( 4202.98 - 3786.44 = 416.54 \)
Increase in 2018-19: \( 4856.74 - 4202.98 = 653.76 \)
Increase in 2019-20: \( 5318.98 - 4856.74 = 462.24 \)
Comparing the absolute increases, the lowest value is 304.12.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The lowest increase in per capita income occurred in the year 2016-17.
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Question: 3
Which of the following years witnessed the highest increase in per capita income compared to the previous year?
Which of the following years witnessed the highest increase in per capita income compared to the previous year?
Show Hint
When questions in a set ask for the "highest" and "lowest" of the same metric, you can answer both simultaneously by calculating the metric for all years and then identifying the extremes.
Updated On: Feb 14, 2026
- 2015-16
- 2016-17
- 2018-19
- 2017-18
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Question:
This question asks for the year with the largest absolute increase in per capita income compared to the previous year.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
We will use the absolute increase values calculated in the solution for the previous question.
\[ \text{Increase in PCI} = \text{PCI of Current Year} - \text{PCI of Previous Year} \] Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Referring to the calculations from Question 10:
Increase in 2015-16: 384.68
Increase in 2016-17: 304.12
Increase in 2017-18: 416.54
Increase in 2018-19: 653.76
Increase in 2019-20: 462.24
By comparing these values, the highest increase is 653.76.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The highest increase in per capita income occurred in the year 2018-19.
This question asks for the year with the largest absolute increase in per capita income compared to the previous year.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
We will use the absolute increase values calculated in the solution for the previous question.
\[ \text{Increase in PCI} = \text{PCI of Current Year} - \text{PCI of Previous Year} \] Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Referring to the calculations from Question 10:
Increase in 2015-16: 384.68
Increase in 2016-17: 304.12
Increase in 2017-18: 416.54
Increase in 2018-19: 653.76
Increase in 2019-20: 462.24
By comparing these values, the highest increase is 653.76.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The highest increase in per capita income occurred in the year 2018-19.
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Question: 4
In which year is the per capita income the highest?
In which year is the per capita income the highest?
Show Hint
For questions asking for the absolute highest or lowest value over a period, a quick scan of the trend in the bar graphs can often give you a probable answer, which you can then verify with calculation. Here, both income and population are rising, but income is rising faster, so the latest year is the most likely answer.
Updated On: Feb 14, 2026
- 2019-20
- 2015-16
- 2014-15
- 2017-18
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Question:
The question directly asks to identify the year in which the per capita income was at its maximum.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
We will compare the Per Capita Income (PCI) values that were calculated at the very beginning.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The calculated PCI for each year are:
PCI 2014-15: 3097.64
PCI 2015-16: 3482.32
PCI 2016-17: 3786.44
PCI 2017-18: 4202.98
PCI 2018-19: 4856.74
PCI 2019-20: 5318.98
Observing these values, the per capita income generally shows an increasing trend. The highest value is 5318.98.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The per capita income is the highest in the year 2019-20.
The question directly asks to identify the year in which the per capita income was at its maximum.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
We will compare the Per Capita Income (PCI) values that were calculated at the very beginning.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
The calculated PCI for each year are:
PCI 2014-15: 3097.64
PCI 2015-16: 3482.32
PCI 2016-17: 3786.44
PCI 2017-18: 4202.98
PCI 2018-19: 4856.74
PCI 2019-20: 5318.98
Observing these values, the per capita income generally shows an increasing trend. The highest value is 5318.98.
Step 4: Final Answer:
The per capita income is the highest in the year 2019-20.
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