The stability of carbocation is directly proportional to the extent of delocalization. Therefore in the given figure, the order of stability of carbocations will be III > I > II.
Carbocations are ions with a positively charged carbon atom and three bonds. Resonance and hyperconjugation stabilize carbocations, influencing their stability. To compare the stability of given carbocations, we analyze the number of resonating and conjugating structures in each.
Structure I has 2 resonating structures.
Structure II has 2 conjugating structures due to hyperconjugation.
Structure III has 5 resonating structures.
Based on the number of resonating or conjugating structures, we determine the stability order: III > I > II.
Chemical Reactions go with the breaking and bonding of covalent bonds which involve of exchange of electrons. The functional groups of Organic compounds play a consequential role in the process. Based on the above theory, reactions can be classified into five main groups:
Rearrangement Reactions are the type of reactions in which products get formed simply by the rearrangement of atoms and electrons in the reactant molecules.
O
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NH4CNO → NH2 –C – NH2
Substitution Reactions are the reactions in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced by some other atom or group of atoms without any change in the structure of the remaining part of the molecule.
CH3Br + KOH (aqueous) → CH3OH + KBr
Addition Reactions are the reactions in which products get formed by the addition of some reagent to an unsaturated compound.
CH2 = CH2 + HCl → CH5Cl
Electrophilic Addition Reactions
Nucleophilic Addition Reactions
Free Radical Addition Reactions
Elimination Reactions are the reactions in which the products get formed by the loss of simple molecules like HX from the reactant molecules.
C2H5OH → C2H4
EN1 (Nucleophilic Elimination Unimolecular)
EN2 (Nucleophilic Elimination Bimolecular)
A polymerization Reaction is the union of two or more molecules of a substance that form a single molecule with higher molecular weight.
