The number of species from the following in which the central atom uses sp3 hybrid orbitals in its bonding is ______. \(NH_3, SO_2, SiO_2, BeCl_2, CO_2, H_2O, CH_4, BF_3\)
Correct Answer: 4
Approach Solution - 1
Given Molecules and Their Hybridization:
- NH₃: Ammonia has sp³ hybridization, as the nitrogen atom forms three sigma bonds with hydrogen atoms and has one lone pair, which leads to a tetrahedral geometry.
- SO₂: Sulfur dioxide exhibits sp² hybridization. The sulfur atom forms two sigma bonds with oxygen atoms and has one lone pair, resulting in a bent molecular shape.
- SiO₂: Silicon dioxide also exhibits sp³ hybridization. The silicon atom forms four bonds with oxygen atoms, and its structure adopts a tetrahedral geometry.
- BeCl₂: Beryllium chloride has sp hybridization. The beryllium atom forms two sigma bonds with chlorine atoms in a linear arrangement.
- CO₂: Carbon dioxide has sp hybridization. The carbon atom forms two double bonds with two oxygen atoms in a linear structure.
- H₂O: Water exhibits sp³ hybridization. The oxygen atom forms two sigma bonds with hydrogen atoms and has two lone pairs, giving the molecule a bent structure.
- CH₄: Methane has sp³ hybridization. The carbon atom forms four sigma bonds with hydrogen atoms in a tetrahedral arrangement.
- BF₃: Boron trifluoride exhibits sp² hybridization. The boron atom forms three sigma bonds with fluorine atoms in a trigonal planar geometry.
Correct Answer: The correct answer is 4.
Approach Solution -2
• \(NH_3\): The nitrogen atom is surrounded by three bonded atoms and one lone pair, resulting in an sp3 hybridization due to the tetrahedral arrangement.
• \(SO_2\): Sulfur in \(SO_2\) is sp2 hybridized because it forms two sigma bonds and has one lone pair, giving a bent structure.
• \(SiO_2\): Each silicon atom forms four sigma bonds with oxygen atoms. However, due to its extended lattice structure, we consider the local bonding, indicating sp3 hybridization for the central Si atom.
• \(BeCl_2\): The beryllium atom is sp hybridized as it forms two sigma bonds with chlorine atoms, leading to a linear geometry.
• \(CO_2\): Carbon in \(CO_2\) is sp hybridized since it forms two sigma bonds with oxygen atoms, resulting in a linear structure.
• \(H_2O\): The oxygen atom has two sigma bonds and two lone pairs, leading to sp3 hybridization, resulting in a bent structure.
• \(CH_4\): Carbon in \(CH_4\) is sp3 hybridized as it forms four sigma bonds, resulting in a tetrahedral geometry.
• \(BF_3\): Boron in \(BF_3\) is sp2 hybridized, as it forms three sigma bonds with fluorine atoms, resulting in a planar triangular structure.
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