Question:
The most common acute complication of dialysis is:
The most common acute complication of dialysis is:
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Think of the immediate drop in blood pressure caused by rapid fluid removal during a dialysis session.
Updated On: Jun 24, 2026
- Hypotension
- Bleeding
- Dementia
- Muscle cramps
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Hemodialysis removes fluid by ultrafiltration. The most common acute (intradialytic) complication is hypotension, especially in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Step 2: The drop in blood pressure occurs because of excessive ultrafiltration with inadequate compensatory vascular refilling, impaired vasoactive or autonomic responses, osmolar shifts, and overzealous use of antihypertensive drugs.
Step 3: Muscle cramps and bleeding can occur with dialysis but are less frequent than hypotension. Dementia (dialysis dementia, an aluminium-related encephalopathy) is a chronic, now rare complication, not an acute one.
Step 4: Hence the single most common acute complication is hypotension, option a.
Step 2: The drop in blood pressure occurs because of excessive ultrafiltration with inadequate compensatory vascular refilling, impaired vasoactive or autonomic responses, osmolar shifts, and overzealous use of antihypertensive drugs.
Step 3: Muscle cramps and bleeding can occur with dialysis but are less frequent than hypotension. Dementia (dialysis dementia, an aluminium-related encephalopathy) is a chronic, now rare complication, not an acute one.
Step 4: Hence the single most common acute complication is hypotension, option a.
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