Question:
The geophysical variables that can be measured/derived from the Global Navigation Satellite System observations is/are
The geophysical variables that can be measured/derived from the Global Navigation Satellite System observations is/are
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GNSS isn't just for positioning—it's also a powerful tool for atmospheric and environmental monitoring, especially where electromagnetic signals interact with the Earth's surface or atmosphere.
Updated On: Apr 17, 2025
- ocean color
- precipitable water vapor
- soil moisture
- seismic motion
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The Correct Option is B, C, D
Solution and Explanation
From Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations, the following geophysical parameters can be derived:
(B) Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV): GNSS signals are delayed by atmospheric water vapor, and this delay can be used to estimate PWV.
(C) Soil Moisture: GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) uses reflected GNSS signals from the ground surface, which are sensitive to soil moisture.
(D) Seismic Motion: High-rate GNSS observations can track ground displacements, making them useful in detecting and monitoring seismic events.
(A) Ocean Color: This is typically measured using optical sensors aboard remote sensing satellites and not from GNSS observations.
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