Question:
The extrusion process used to manufacture the short length components like paste tubes, gun shells etc., is
The extrusion process used to manufacture the short length components like paste tubes, gun shells etc., is
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For questions referencing the production of paste tubes, collapsible tubes, aluminum cans, or cartridge cases, identify them with Impact Extrusion, which falls directly under the category of Indirect Extrusion.
Updated On: Jul 4, 2026
- Direct extrusion
- Continuous extrusion
- Hydrostatic extrusion
- Indirect extrusion
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Concept:
Extrusion processes are classified based on the relative direction of metal flow with respect to the ram's movement:
• Direct Extrusion (Forward Extrusion): The billet is placed in a container and pushed by a ram through a stationary die. The metal flows in the same direction as the ram. This generates high friction between the billet and the container walls.
• Indirect Extrusion (Backward / Reverse / Impact Extrusion): The die is mounted on a hollow ram. As the ram advances against the closed container, the metal is forced to flow backward through the die opening in a direction opposite to the ram's movement.
Step 1: Examine the manufacturing dynamics of thin-walled collapsible tubes and shells. Components like toothpaste tubes, aluminum aerosol cans, and small ammunition cartridge cases (gun shells) are characterized by very thin walls, closed or semi-closed bottoms, and relatively short overall lengths. They are mass-produced using a specialized form of indirect cold extrusion known as Impact Extrusion.
Step 2: Understand why Indirect Extrusion is selected. In this process, a solid metal slug is placed in a small die cavity and struck at high velocity by a fast-moving punch. The metal is forced to flow backward through the narrow annular clearance between the punch outer diameter and the die inner diameter, rising up along the punch shank to form a thin-walled seamless cup or tube. Because there is no relative sliding friction between a long billet and container walls, the required force is lower, allowing for thin wall configurations.
• Direct Extrusion (Forward Extrusion): The billet is placed in a container and pushed by a ram through a stationary die. The metal flows in the same direction as the ram. This generates high friction between the billet and the container walls.
• Indirect Extrusion (Backward / Reverse / Impact Extrusion): The die is mounted on a hollow ram. As the ram advances against the closed container, the metal is forced to flow backward through the die opening in a direction opposite to the ram's movement.
Step 1: Examine the manufacturing dynamics of thin-walled collapsible tubes and shells. Components like toothpaste tubes, aluminum aerosol cans, and small ammunition cartridge cases (gun shells) are characterized by very thin walls, closed or semi-closed bottoms, and relatively short overall lengths. They are mass-produced using a specialized form of indirect cold extrusion known as Impact Extrusion.
Step 2: Understand why Indirect Extrusion is selected. In this process, a solid metal slug is placed in a small die cavity and struck at high velocity by a fast-moving punch. The metal is forced to flow backward through the narrow annular clearance between the punch outer diameter and the die inner diameter, rising up along the punch shank to form a thin-walled seamless cup or tube. Because there is no relative sliding friction between a long billet and container walls, the required force is lower, allowing for thin wall configurations.
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