Comprehension
The agriculture sector has experienced buoyant growth in the past two years. The sector, which is the largest employer of workforce, accounted for a sizeable 18.8 per cent (2021- 22) in Gross Value Added (GVA) of the country registering a growth of 3.6 per cent in 2020-21 and 3.9 per cent in 2021-22. Growth in allied sectors including livestock, dairy and fisheries has been the major drivers of overall growth in the sector. When measured in total value of agricultural production, India is ranked fourth largest in the world. Post-independence, there was a need to import food grains due to low-productivity, stagnant food-crop sector and poor rural infrastructure making food self-sufficiency a major national goal. The introduction of the Green Revolution then yielded spectacular results and we became one of the largest producers of many agricultural commodities such as rice, wheat, pulses, fruits and vegetables. From being a net importer of foods in the 1960s, India is now a net exporter, thanks to Indian farmers and the Indian agriculture input industry.
[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India’s changing agricultural landscape and its way to inclusive growth”, by NS Ramaswamy, The Economic Times]
[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from: “India’s changing agricultural landscape and its way to inclusive growth”, by NS Ramaswamy, The Economic Times]
Question: 1
Which of the following is the largest exported agricultural product from India?
Which of the following is the largest exported agricultural product from India?
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- Wheat
- Sugar
- Rice
- Barley
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The Correct Option is C
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The correct option is (C):Rice .
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The question asks which of the four listed agricultural products is India's largest agricultural export by value.
- Wheat: India does export wheat and has increased exports in some years, but wheat is a much smaller share of agricultural export earnings compared to rice, and India also keeps large wheat stocks for domestic food security, limiting how much is exported.
- Sugar: India is a major sugar producer and exporter, and sugar exports have grown significantly in recent years, but they still trail rice in total export value.
- Rice: India has for years been the world's largest exporter of rice, supplying both basmati and non-basmati varieties to a wide range of countries. Among the passage's own theme of record agricultural exports, rice consistently tops the list by export value.
- Barley: barley is grown in India mainly for domestic use, particularly for malting and animal feed, and its export volumes and value are far smaller than the other three options.
Comparing export earnings across the four, rice has the largest share of India's agricultural export basket.
Therefore, the correct answer is Rice.
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Question: 2
According to provisional data released by the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics, India achieved record exports of agricultural exports for the financial year FY22. What was the value of India’s agricultural products exports according to this data?
According to provisional data released by the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics, India achieved record exports of agricultural exports for the financial year FY22. What was the value of India’s agricultural products exports according to this data?
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- USD 7.5 billion
- USD 95.34 billion
- USD 13.2 billion
- USD 50.21 billion
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The Correct Option is D
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The correct option is (D):USD 50.21 billion .
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The question asks for the specific dollar figure the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics reported as India's record agricultural exports for FY22.
- USD 7.5 billion: this figure is far too small to represent India's total annual agricultural exports, a sector that involves large volumes of rice, sugar, spices, and other produce shipped worldwide.
- USD 95.34 billion: this figure is far larger than agriculture's actual export earnings, it does not match the officially reported record figure for FY22 agricultural exports.
- USD 13.2 billion: this figure, like the smallest option, understates the scale of India's total agricultural export basket across all major commodities for the year.
- USD 50.21 billion: this matches the figure reported for FY22, when India's agricultural exports crossed the $50 billion mark for the first time, a genuine record noted widely at the time.
Among the four figures, only USD 50.21 billion corresponds to the actual reported record for India's FY22 agricultural exports.
Therefore, the correct answer is USD 50.21 billion.
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Question: 3
Who among the following is also called the ‘Father of the Wheat Revolution’?
Who among the following is also called the ‘Father of the Wheat Revolution’?
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- Dilbagh Singh Athwal
- Verghese Kurien
- Atmaram Bhairav Joshi
- Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar
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The Correct Option is A
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The correct option is (A):Dilbagh Singh Athwal .
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The question asks who is known as the "Father of the Wheat Revolution" in India.
- Dilbagh Singh Athwal: Athwal was a wheat breeder whose work developing high-yielding wheat varieties suited to Indian conditions was central to India's Green Revolution success in wheat, earning him the title "Father of the Wheat Revolution" in India.
- Verghese Kurien: Kurien is known as the "Father of the White Revolution" for his role in India's dairy cooperative movement through Operation Flood, not for wheat.
- Atmaram Bhairav Joshi: Joshi was a notable ornithologist and wildlife scientist, his work was in bird studies and conservation, unrelated to wheat breeding.
- Shanti Swaroop Bhatnagar: Bhatnagar was a chemist and the founding director of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), a general science administrator, not specifically linked to the Wheat Revolution.
Only Dilbagh Singh Athwal's work is specifically tied to developing India's high-yield wheat varieties, which is what earns him the "Wheat Revolution" title.
Therefore, the correct answer is Dilbagh Singh Athwal.
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Question: 4
India is the world’s largest producer of which of the following?
India is the world’s largest producer of which of the following?
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- Poultry meat
- Rice
- Almonds
- Milk
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The Correct Option is D
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The correct option is (D):Milk .
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The question asks which of the four items India produces more of than any other country in the world.
- Poultry meat: India is a large poultry producer, but it ranks behind countries such as the United States, China, and Brazil in poultry meat output, so it is not the world's largest producer here.
- Rice: India is among the top rice producers and the largest rice exporter, but by production volume, China has generally produced more rice than India, so rice production itself is not India's number one global ranking.
- Almonds: the United States, particularly California, dominates global almond production by a wide margin, India is a minor producer by comparison.
- Milk: India has been the world's largest milk producer for years, a position built up substantially through the dairy cooperative movement and Operation Flood, well ahead of the next largest producers.
Among the four, milk is the one commodity where India genuinely holds the top global production rank.
Therefore, the correct answer is Milk.
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Question: 5
What is India’s ranking in the 2022 Global Hunger Index?
What is India’s ranking in the 2022 Global Hunger Index?
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- 10
- 107
- 50
- 35
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The Correct Option is B
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The correct option is (B):107 .
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The question asks for India's specific rank in the 2022 Global Hunger Index (GHI), an index that ranks countries by hunger severity out of the total number of countries assessed that year.
- 10: a rank this high would place India among the best-performing countries on hunger, which does not match how the 2022 GHI actually scored India, since India was flagged that year for a relatively poor showing.
- 107: this is the rank India was placed at in the 2022 Global Hunger Index, out of the 121 countries ranked that year, a result that drew considerable public attention and government pushback at the time.
- 50: a mid-table figure like this understates how low India's 2022 GHI ranking actually was.
- 35: this is also too favourable a rank compared to India's actual 2022 position.
Of the four options, 107 is the figure that was reported and widely discussed as India's actual rank in the 2022 Global Hunger Index.
Therefore, the correct answer is 107.
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Question: 6
The National Commission on Farmers, constituted in December 2004, which recommended the C2+50% formula for calculation of the Minimum Support Price, was chaired by:
The National Commission on Farmers, constituted in December 2004, which recommended the C2+50% formula for calculation of the Minimum Support Price, was chaired by:
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- Ashok Gulati
- P. Sainath
- M.S. Swaminathan
- Abhijit Sen
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The Correct Option is C
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The correct option is (C):M.S. Swaminathan .
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The question asks who chaired the National Commission on Farmers, set up in December 2004, which recommended the C2+50% formula for calculating Minimum Support Price.
- Ashok Gulati: Gulati is a well known agricultural economist who has written extensively on farm policy and pricing, but he did not chair this particular commission.
- P. Sainath: Sainath is a journalist known for his reporting on rural distress and farmer suicides, an important voice on agrarian issues, but not the chair of this commission.
- M.S. Swaminathan: Swaminathan, widely regarded as the father of India's Green Revolution, chaired the National Commission on Farmers from 2004. The commission's recommendations, including the C2+50% formula for Minimum Support Price, are commonly referred to as the Swaminathan Commission report.
- Abhijit Sen: Sen was an agricultural economist and Planning Commission member who worked on related farm policy issues, but he was not the chair of this specific commission.
The commission and its pricing formula are directly associated with M.S. Swaminathan's name in policy discussions, since he headed it.
Therefore, the correct answer is M.S. Swaminathan.
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Question: 7
The bio-decomposer technology to avoid stubble burning around the Delhi NCR was developed by:
The bio-decomposer technology to avoid stubble burning around the Delhi NCR was developed by:
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- Monsanto
- Cargill
- Biocon
- ICAR, Pusa Campus
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The Correct Option is D
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The correct option is (D):ICAR, Pusa Campus .
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The question asks which organisation developed the bio-decomposer technology used to prevent stubble burning around Delhi NCR.
- Monsanto: Monsanto (now part of Bayer) is a multinational agribusiness company known mainly for seeds and agrochemicals, it did not develop this particular bio-decomposer used in India.
- Cargill: Cargill is a large multinational agricultural trading and processing company, its business is commodities and food processing, not developing stubble-decomposing biological agents for Indian farms.
- Biocon: Biocon is an Indian biopharmaceutical company focused mainly on drugs and biologics for healthcare, not on agricultural residue management.
- ICAR, Pusa Campus: the Pusa Decomposer, a bio-enzyme solution that speeds up the breakdown of crop stubble so farmers do not need to burn it, was developed by scientists at the Indian Council of Agricultural Research's Pusa campus in Delhi. It has been actively promoted by the Delhi government to curb stubble burning.
Only ICAR's Pusa campus is the actual developer of this specific bio-decomposer used against stubble burning.
Therefore, the correct answer is ICAR, Pusa Campus.
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Top CLAT Questions
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Consider, for instance, the barren expanse of the desert in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake. The arid landscape mirrors the sense of isolation felt by the protagonist, Gogol, as he navigates his identity crisis in a foreign land. The relentless sun and vast sands are not mere descriptions; they are the silent witnesses to his inner turmoil.
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What pleased and satisfied her so, here at Carignano, was its barrenness. This was the chief virtue of all Kasauli of course-its starkness. It had rocks, it had pines, it had light and air. In every direction there was a sweeping view - to the north, of the mountains, to the south, of the plains. Occasionally an eagle swam through this clear unobstructed mass of light and air, that was all. And Carignano, her home on the ridge, had no more than that. Why should it? The sun shone on its white walls. Its windows were open the ones facing north opened on to the blue waves of the Himalayas flowing out and up to the line of ice and snow sketched upon the sky, while those that faced south looked down the plunging cliff to the plain stretching out, flat and sere to the blurred horizon.
Yes, there were some apricot trees close to the house. There were clumps of iris that had finished blooming. There was the kitchen with a wing of smoke lifting out of its chimney and a stack of wood outside its door. But these were incidental, almost unimportant.
[Extracted, with edits and revisions, from “Fire on the Mountain” by Anita Desai] - English literature is a vast and diverse field that has left an indelible mark on the world of letters. From the eloquent plays of William Shakespeare to the complex novels of Jane Austen and the profound poetry of William Wordsworth, English literature offers a window into the human experience. One of the luminaries of English literature is William Shakespeare, often hailed as the greatest playwright in the history of English language. His works, including Hamlet, Macbeth, and Romeo and Juliet, are celebrated for their exploration of human nature, love, ambition, and tragedy. His characters, such as the tormented Hamlet and the star-crossed lovers Romeo and Juliet, continue to captivate readers and audiences worldwide.
The 19th century ushered in a new era of literary giants. Jane Austen’s novels, such as Pride and Prejudice and Sense and Sensibility, provide incisive social commentary through the lens of wit and romance. Austen’s heroines, like Elizabeth Bennet and Elinor Dashwood, remain beloved literary figures known for their intelligence and resilience. The Romantic era brought forth poets like William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge, who celebrated * 8 UG the beauty of nature and the emotional intensity of the individual. Wordsworth’s ‘‘I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud’’ and Coleridge’s ‘‘The Rime of the Ancient Mariner’’ are testament to the power of the written words to evoke profound emotions and imagery. Moving towards 20th century, English literature continued to evolve. Virginia Woolf’s ground-breaking novel Mrs. Dalloway explored the inner thoughts and lives of its characters with a modernist narrative style. Dystopian visions, as seen in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four provided stark warnings about the dangers of totalitarianism and the erosion of individual freedom.
Today, English literature is a global phenomenon, transcending borders and languages. Indian authors like Arundhati Roy, with her novel The God of Small Things, have won prestigious international literary awards. The book not only explores intricate family dynamics but also delves into the broader socio-political landscape of India. In summary, English literature is a testament to the enduring power of storytelling and the written word. It encompasses an array of authors, themes, and styles that continue to captivate and inspire readers across the world. - On the evening of the 10th, General Dyer arrived at Amritsar, and the Deputy-Commissioner handed over the civil power to him. He issued a proclamation by word of mouth that no meetings should be held. Two days later, after there had been no sort of riot, nor murder, General Dyer heard that a meeting was to be held at the Jallianwala Bagh. He proceeded there with about fifty troops, half British, half Indian, and a certain number of Ghurkas, armed with their kukris. The Jallianwala Bagh is an open space, half a mile square, which has one entry wide enough for three persons. The troops got in and lined up on a mound of debris. The walls, seven feet high, and the surrounding houses enclosed the people. There were, too, three alleys through which the people might have been able to pass. Within thirty seconds of the troops getting in, General Dyer gave orders to fire, and the crowd of people, estimated at anything from 5,000 to 20,000, who were sitting on the ground peacefully listening to the mob oratory, were fired on. The result of the troops’ fire into the mass of people we do not know. But we do know that Dyer’s own estimate of the casualties resulting from ten minutes continual individual firing, was 400 to 500 killed and 1,500 wounded. The people were not able to escape. They were people who had not offered any violence and who had not been warned. These people were shot down. After ten minutes, the ammunition was exhausted and the troops marched off, and they left 1,500 wounded there. There were men lying there for two days, dying of thirst, eating the ground, bleeding to death and nobody to look after them. Those who lived nearby came and carried away some of the wounded from the heap of dead and dying, but the unfortunate country people died there miserably of their wounds. This is what is done in 1919 in British India…
Centuries hence you will find Indian children brought up to this spot, just as they visit now the Cawnpore Well, and you can imagine the feelings of these Indians for generations over this terrible business.
[Col. Wedgwood, MP, speaking in the British Parliament, 22 December 1919]
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