The 'Age of Reason' refers to the Neo-classical Age, also known as the Enlightenment. It was marked by a focus on reason, logic, and scientific thought, as well as a rejection of the superstition and irrationality of previous eras. Major figures of this period include John Locke, Alexander Pope, and Jonathan Swift.
Option (A), The Medieval Period, refers to the time before the Renaissance and does not fit the description of the Age of Reason.
Option (C), The Romantic Age, focused on emotion, nature, and individualism, which contrasts with the rationality of the Age of Reason.
Option (D), The Victorian Age, followed the Romantic period and was concerned more with social and moral issues rather than reason and rationality.
\[
\boxed{\text{The correct answer is (B).}}
\]