Step 1: Recall the question type. The key word is prophylaxis, meaning prevention in contacts or at-risk persons, not treatment of established disease.
Step 2: Match drug to disease. Tetracycline (or its analogue doxycycline) is the recommended chemoprophylactic agent for close contacts during a cholera outbreak, reducing the carrier state and secondary spread of Vibrio cholerae.
Step 3: Distinguish treatment from prophylaxis in the distractors. In brucellosis tetracycline-class drugs are used to treat, not chiefly to prevent, and combined with other agents. In leptospirosis doxycycline is used both to treat and as prophylaxis, but among the listed options cholera is the classic taught answer for tetracycline prophylaxis. Meningococcal meningitis prophylaxis relies on rifampicin, ciprofloxacin or ceftriaxone, not tetracycline.
Step 4: Conclude. The best single answer is cholera.