Question

Technique to alter the chemistry of genetic materials, DNA and RNA, to introduce these into host organism and change the phenotype of the host is

• A. Bioprocess engineering
• B. Cloning
• C. Genetic engineering
• D. Transformation

Hint:

Biotechnology has two core principles: Genetic Engineering (altering DNA/RNA) and Bioprocess Engineering (maintaining sterile environments for mass production).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept: Biotechnology relies on fundamental core techniques to alter and utilize biological systems.
Step 2: Key Formula or Approach: Match the textbook definition provided in the question to the correct terminology among the options.
Step 3: Detailed Explanation: The definition provided precisely describes "Genetic engineering."
Genetic engineering involves the direct manipulation of an organism's genes, which includes altering the chemistry of genetic materials (DNA and RNA).
These modified genetic materials are then introduced into host organisms to alter their phenotype.
Bioprocess engineering refers to the maintenance of sterile (microbial-free) ambient conditions to enable the growth of only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in large quantities.
Cloning and Transformation are specific steps or methods utilized within the broader field of genetic engineering, but they do not encompass the entire definition given.
Step 4: Final Answer: The described technique is Genetic engineering.