Question

Sunflower cataract and Kayser-Fleischer rings occur due to

• A. Wilson's disease
• B. Diabetes mellitus
• C. Glaucoma
• D. Hyperthyroidism

Hint:

Wilson's disease can be diagnosed by observing Kayser-Fleischer rings and checking serum copper levels.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The question pertains to identifying the condition associated with specific ophthalmic findings: Sunflower cataract and Kayser-Fleischer rings. Let's analyze the provided options to identify the correct answer.

1. Wilson's Disease:
   • Wilson's Disease is a genetic disorder leading to excessive copper accumulation in the body, including in the eyes.
   • Sunflower cataract refers to a specific cataract pattern seen in the lens of the eye when exposed to slit-lamp examination due to copper deposition.
   • Kayser-Fleischer rings are deposits of copper in the corneal membrane (Descemet's membrane), visible as golden-brown or greenish rings at the periphery of the cornea.
   • Given these features, Wilson's Disease is clearly associated with both sunflower cataract and Kayser-Fleischer rings.
2. Diabetes Mellitus:
   • Diabetes mellitus primarily causes diabetic retinopathy and related retinal changes, but not directly sunflower cataracts or Kayser-Fleischer rings.
3. Glaucoma:
   • Glaucoma involves increased intraocular pressure and optic nerve damage but does not cause sunflower cataracts or Kayser-Fleischer rings.
4. Hyperthyroidism:
   • Hyperthyroidism may cause eye changes like exophthalmos in Graves' disease but not the specific ophthalmic features asked in this question.

Based on the analysis, the correct answer is Wilson's Disease. The other conditions do not produce both of these eye changes. Understanding these pathological connections helps solidify the identification of Wilson's Disease in clinical practice or exam scenarios.