Question

Suggest any two reforms to strengthen `party system' in India.

Hint:

Remember the major reforms:

• Internal democracy.

• Transparent political funding.

• Greater representation of women.

• Prevent criminalisation of politics.
Easy mnemonic: \[ \boxed{\text{Democracy + Transparency = Strong Party System}} \]

Answer 1

Step 1: Need for reforms in the party system.
Political parties are the backbone of democracy because they contest elections, form governments and represent the interests of the people. However, issues such as lack of internal democracy, criminalisation of politics, influence of money power and dynastic succession reduce the effectiveness of political parties. Therefore, several reforms have been suggested to strengthen the party system in India.

Step 2: Internal democracy within political parties.
One important reform is to promote internal democracy within political parties. Political parties should conduct regular organisational elections, maintain transparency in decision-making and allow ordinary members to participate in selecting party leaders and candidates. This would reduce the concentration of power in the hands of a few leaders and make political parties more democratic and accountable.

Step 3: Transparency in political funding.
Another important reform is to ensure transparency in political funding. Political parties should disclose the sources of their income and expenditure. Strict monitoring of election expenses and transparent financial practices can reduce the influence of black money and corruption in politics, thereby increasing public confidence in the democratic system.

Step 4: Other suggested reforms.
Other reforms include giving greater representation to women, discouraging criminal candidates, strengthening the anti-defection law and promoting issue-based politics instead of caste- or religion-based politics. These measures can improve the quality of political leadership and governance.

Step 5: Final conclusion.
Thus, internal democracy and transparency in political funding are two important reforms that can strengthen the party system and make Indian democracy more effective and accountable. \[ \boxed{\text{Internal Democracy + Transparent Funding = Strong Political Parties}} \] Two reforms are: (i) promoting internal democracy within political parties, and (ii) ensuring transparency in political funding and election expenses.