Question

State any two reasons for the development of the Factory System.

Hint:

The factory system marked the shift from hand production to machine-based industry.

Answer 1

The factory system emerged in England during the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century. The invention of machines like the spinning jenny, power loom, and steam engine required centralized workplaces where machines could be operated efficiently. This led to the establishment of factories. The availability of abundant raw materials from colonies and the rise of capitalist investments also promoted factory growth. Factories offered division of labor, mass production, and higher profits. They revolutionized production by replacing manual handicrafts with mechanized industries. The system also transformed society, leading to urbanization, growth of working-class communities, and eventually trade union movements.