To remember: "Sanitary" is for people and animals, while "Phytosanitary" is for plants. These standards allow countries to reject imported food if it poses a biological or chemical threat.
Concept:
The SPS Agreement is an international treaty of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
• Sanitary: Relates to human and animal health and food safety.
• Phytosanitary: Relates to plant health and the prevention of pests.
Step 1: Expanding the abbreviation.
SPS stands for Sanitary and Phyto Sanitary measures.
Step 2: Objective of the measures.
These measures are applied to protect life or health within a territory.
They prevent risks arising from additives, contaminants, toxins, or disease-carrying organisms.
Step 3: Trade implications.
The agreement ensures that these health standards are not used as "disguised barriers" to trade.
Member countries must base their SPS measures on scientific principles.
Final Answer: (D)