Question:
Show the formation of calcium chloride by the transfer of electrons from one element to the other. Atomic Number of calcium and chlorine is 20 and 17 respectively.
Show the formation of calcium chloride by the transfer of electrons from one element to the other. Atomic Number of calcium and chlorine is 20 and 17 respectively.
Updated On: Jan 13, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
Formation of Calcium Chloride (CaCl₂)
1. Calcium (Ca)
- Atomic number: 20
- Electronic configuration: 2, 8, 8, 2
- Valence electrons: 2
- To achieve stability, calcium loses 2 electrons and forms a Ca2+ ion
Ca → Ca2+ + 2e⁻
2. Chlorine (Cl)
- Atomic number: 17
- Electronic configuration: 2, 8, 7
- Valence electrons: 7
- To complete its octet, chlorine gains 1 electron to form a Cl⁻ ion
Cl + e⁻ → Cl⁻
3. Formation of CaCl₂
One calcium atom loses 2 electrons → each electron is gained by a separate chlorine atom.
Thus, one calcium atom combines with two chlorine atoms:
Ca + 2Cl → Ca2+ + 2Cl⁻ → CaCl₂
The Ca2+ and Cl⁻ ions are held together by strong electrostatic (ionic) bonds to form solid calcium chloride.
4. Optional: Electron-Dot Structure
Visual representation of electron transfer:
Ca (••) + 2 × Cl (•••••••) → Ca2+ [Cl (••••••••)]⁻ [Cl (••••••••)]⁻
(•• represents valence electrons; Cl gains 1 electron to complete its octet)
Conclusion:
Calcium donates two electrons, chlorine atoms accept one electron each, forming an ionic compound CaCl₂ through complete transfer of electrons and formation of oppositely charged ions.
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