Step 1: Recall primary and secondary metabolites.
Primary metabolites are synthesized during active cell growth (log phase), whereas secondary metabolites are generally produced after active growth slows.
Step 2: Identify the growth phase.
Secondary metabolite production reaches its maximum during the
\[
\boxed{\text{Stationary phase}.}
\]
Therefore,
\[
\boxed{(C)}
\]
is the correct answer.