Step 1: Define the Richter scale.
The Richter scale measures the magnitude of an earthquake based on seismic wave amplitude; it is logarithmic (each whole number $\approx 10\times$ amplitude and about $31.6\times$ energy).
Step 2: Match to disaster type.
Magnitude is a property of earthquakes, not floods, cyclones, or droughts.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Hence, (C) Earthquake is correct.