Question

Relate Column I with Column II with regard to predatory behaviour.

Column I		Column II
1.	Calotropis	p.	Invertebrates
2.	Pisaster	q.	Distasteful
3.	Monarch butterfly	r.	Cryptically coloured
4.	Frogs	s.	Cardioglycoside

• A. 1-s, 2-p, 3-r, 4-q
• B. 1-s, 2-p, 3-q, 4-r
• C. 1-q, 2-s, 3-p, 4-r
• D. 1-r, 2-p, 3-q, 4-s

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Let's relate each item from Column I with the appropriate item from Column II:

Calotropis: This plant produces cardiac glycosides, which are toxic compounds used to deter herbivores and predators. Therefore, the correct match is:

• 1 → s (Cardioglycoside)

Pisaster: This is a genus of sea stars (starfish), and they are invertebrates. Therefore, the correct match is:

• 2 → p (Invertebrates)

Monarch butterfly: The Monarch butterfly is known for its distastefulness to predators due to toxins it accumulates from its diet, making it an unpalatable prey. Therefore, the correct match is:

• 3 → q (Distasteful)

Frogs: Frogs are often cryptically colored to blend into their surroundings and avoid being seen by predators. Therefore, the correct match is:

• 4 → r (Cryptically coloured)

Correct Matching:

1 → s (Cardioglycoside)
2 → p (Invertebrates)
3 → q (Distasteful)
4 → r (Cryptically coloured)

The correct answer is (B) : 1-s, 2-p, 3-q, 4-r.

Answer 2

Let's relate the items in Column I with the descriptions or examples in Column II, considering predator-prey interactions and defense mechanisms: 

• 1. Calotropis: This plant is known to produce highly poisonous chemicals, specifically cardiac glycosides (s), as a defense mechanism against herbivores (predators of plants). Animals generally avoid eating it. 
  So, 1 → s.
• 2. Pisaster: *Pisaster ochraceus* is a species of starfish that is a keystone predator in rocky intertidal ecosystems. Its primary prey consists of mussels and other marine invertebrates (p). 
  So, 2 → p (relating Pisaster to its prey type).
• 3. Monarch butterfly: The larvae (caterpillars) of the Monarch butterfly feed on milkweed plants, sequestering toxic cardiac glycosides from the plant. This makes the adult butterfly highly distasteful (q) to potential predators, like birds, which learn to avoid them. 
  So, 3 → q.
• 4. Frogs: Many species of frogs rely on camouflage as a primary defense mechanism against predators. They are often cryptically coloured (r), blending in with their surroundings (like leaves, bark, or mud) to avoid detection. 
  So, 4 → r.

The correct matching sequence is:

• 1 → s
• 2 → p
• 3 → q
• 4 → r

Comparing this to the options provided:

• 1-s, 2-p, 3-r, 4-q
• 1-s, 2-p, 3-q, 4-r
• 1-q, 2-s, 3-p, 4-r
• 1-r, 2-p, 3-q, 4-s

The correct option is 1-s, 2-p, 3-q, 4-r.