Question

Chances of domestic violence are higher in case of wives and husbands.

• A. unemployed, poor
• B. employed, poor
• C. unemployed, employed
• D. employed, unemployed
• A. a difficulty in accepting the wife in a non traditional role
• B. outward manifestation of poverty-induced frustrations
• C. greed and dowry
• D. seeking an outlet for the natural animalistic instinct for violence
• A. masculine
• B. societal greed
• C. lower status of women in marriage
• D. lack of social change in India
• A. gap in earning will still be a factor.
• B. Masculine need to subjugate working women will still remain.
• C. Drinking and dowry problems won't yet be solved.
• D. All the above
• A. I only
• B. II only
• C. I and II
• D. Neither I nor II
• A. symbol of independence
• B. subject for violence
• C. tool for dowry
• D. means for acquisition
• A. Economic security emboldens women.
• B. Desperation leads women to turn to counseling.
• C. Women won't tolerate violence beyond a point.
• D. Drinking is abhorred by women in general.
• A. a female chauvinistic view
• B. ultra-feminism
• C. proposing no concrete solutions
• D. stereotying the male species
• A. is probably true
• B. is definitely true
• C. Can be neither established nor rejected
• D. is definitely false
• A. is predominant in lower classes
• B. is predominant in kerala and tehri - Garhwal
• C. cuts across class barriers
• D. and is a fall out of development

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

This question checks whether you caught the specific finding about employment status and domestic violence from the passage. The passage explains that in Nagpur, over 90 percent of women who reported facing violence were themselves in paid work, and abuse was even higher when their husbands did not have a job. So the pattern the passage points to is: the wife is employed, the husband is unemployed.

1. unemployed, poor: The passage ties the risk to employment status, not to poverty as a separate label. This option swaps the wife's status and adds "poor" for the husband, which the passage never states.
2. employed, poor: Close on the wife's side, but the passage speaks about the husband's unemployment as the trigger, not his poverty in general.
3. unemployed, employed: This reverses the actual finding. The passage says it is the wife who works and the husband who does not, not the other way round.
4. employed, unemployed: This matches the passage exactly. Working wives paired with jobless husbands show the highest reported violence, because the gender gap in employment becomes a trigger.

The correct choice is "employed, unemployed" since the passage's Nagpur data links higher abuse to exactly this combination.

Let's summarize:

• The passage's key data point is from Nagpur: over 90 percent of abused women were in paid work.
• Abuse rose further when the husband was without a job, since the employment gap acts as a trigger.

So the blanks read "employed" wives and "unemployed" husbands, which is option (4).

Answer 2

The passage explains domestic violence as a reaction, not just an economic problem, so this question tests whether you saw that psychological angle. It states that violence is often used as a way to resist any "reversal in gender role," where the man is expected to be the breadwinner and the woman is expected to stay in the home. When a wife starts earning and steps outside that traditional role, some men respond to this shift with violence rather than accepting it.

1. a difficulty in accepting the wife in a non traditional role: This is exactly the mechanism the passage describes, violence as a response to the wife moving out of her traditional role.
2. outward manifestation of poverty-induced frustrations: The passage separates poverty from this psychological trigger; it specifically says giving unemployed men jobs will not by itself stop the violence, so poverty alone is not the male psychology being pointed to.
3. greed and dowry: Dowry is discussed later in the passage as a separate strand tied to consumerism, not as the "male psychology" behind violence in general.
4. seeking an outlet for the natural animalistic instinct for violence: The passage never frames violence as an instinct; it frames it as a reaction to changing gender roles.

The correct option is "a difficulty in accepting the wife in a non traditional role," since that is the exact psychological reason the passage gives.

Let's summarize:

• The passage treats domestic violence as resistance to role reversal, not as poverty or instinct.
• Dowry and poverty are discussed as separate causes elsewhere in the passage.

So option (1) is correct.

Answer 3

This question asks what dowry proves about women, in the author's own framing, so we need the passage's stated link between dowry and women's position within marriage rather than a general view on dowry.

1. masculine: This option is incomplete and does not describe any status dowry proves; it does not match the passage's point.
2. societal greed: Greed is discussed later as one of the forces behind dowry's spread, but the passage frames dowry itself as evidence of something about women's position, not just of greed.
3. lower status of women in marriage: The passage opens by calling dowry, along with a related phenomenon, proof of "women's subordination within marriage, a strongly endorsed gender role in society." This is a direct match.
4. lack of social change in India: The passage discusses dowry spreading into new regions as society changes, so it is not treated as proof that no change has happened.

The correct option is "lower status of women in marriage," which repeats the passage's own words about subordination within marriage.

Let's summarize:

• The passage explicitly calls dowry evidence of women's subordination in marriage.
• Greed and lack of change are discussed elsewhere but are not what dowry is said to "prove."

So option (3) is correct.

Answer 4

This question is about the passage's warning against a simple fix: giving jobs to unemployed men. We need the exact reason the author gives for why this alone will not end domestic violence.

1. gap in earning will still be a factor: If men get jobs, the earning gap the passage worries about would actually shrink, so this does not match the author's warning.
2. Masculine need to subjugate working women will still remain: The passage says violence is used to resist a reversal in gender roles, calling it a clash between "man the bread earner" and "woman the home market." This need to control or resist a working wife does not disappear just because the husband gets a job.
3. Drinking and dowry problems won't yet be solved: Drinking and dowry are separate threads in the wider discussion, not the reason given specifically for why male employment alone fails.
4. All the above: Since only one of the listed reasons is actually the author's stated reason, "all the above" cannot be right.

The correct option is that the masculine need to subjugate working women will still remain, since that is the exact mechanism the author names.

Let's summarize:

• The author explicitly separates the poverty and employment angle from the role reversal angle.
• Employing men does not remove the resistance to a wife's changed role, which is the real trigger.

So option (2) is correct.

Answer 5

This question checks whether the passage treats dowry as coming from one cause or from two working together. We need to see if the author points to tradition alone, greed alone, both, or neither.

1. I only: Tradition explains why dowry exists in some form, but the passage also gives a second, economic reason, so tradition alone is not the full picture.
2. II only: Greed driven by a consumerist lifestyle is a real cause the passage describes, but it is not offered as the sole cause either.
3. I and II: The passage discusses dowry as a long-standing gender-role practice, tradition, that has now been amplified by a consumerist push toward acquisition, where women are seen as a means to bring wealth into the marital home, economics of greed. Both forces are named.
4. Neither I nor II: Since the passage does connect dowry to both tradition and economic greed, this option is ruled out.

The correct option is "I and II," since the passage explains dowry as a mix of old gender-role tradition and new consumerist greed.

Let's summarize:

• The passage calls dowry proof of women's subordination, which is a traditional gender role.
• It also ties dowry's spread to a consumerist lifestyle built around acquisition and greed.

So option (3) is correct.

Answer 6

This question is about how the passage says the consumerist economy portrays women, so we look at the exact image the author describes.

1. symbol of independence: The passage does mention women entering the labour market as a sign of changing roles, but that is a separate point from how consumerism specifically "projects" women.
2. subject for violence: Violence is the consequence discussed elsewhere in the passage, not the image consumerism itself projects onto women.
3. tool for dowry: Close, but the passage's actual phrase is broader than dowry alone; dowry is just one form of the acquisition it describes.
4. means for acquisition: The passage states that women are "positioned as instruments through which such acquisition [is] possible," describing an image of the "savvy working wife" or a wife who brings wealth into the home through dowry. This matches "means for acquisition" directly.

The correct option is "means for acquisition," since that is the author's own description of how consumerism frames women.

Let's summarize:

• The passage's phrase "instruments through which acquisition is possible" maps onto "means for acquisition."
• Dowry is just one channel of this acquisition, not the whole idea.

So option (4) is correct.

Answer 7

This question asks for the hidden assumption behind the author's claim, not something directly stated. We need to see what must be true for the author's conclusion, that working women turning to counseling shows they are less tolerant of violence, to hold.

1. Economic security emboldens women: The passage explains that employed women have a "wider network of support," which lets them "explore alternative options." For the author to then conclude that these women are simply less willing to tolerate violence, it must be assumed that their economic security is what gives them the confidence to act, that is, it emboldens them.
2. Desperation leads women to turn to counseling: This runs opposite to the author's own explanation, which credits support and confidence, not desperation, for women seeking help.
3. Women won't tolerate violence beyond a point: This is close to the author's stated conclusion itself, but a conclusion is not the same as the assumption needed to reach it; the question asks what is assumed, not what is concluded.
4. Drinking is abhorred by women in general: Drinking is not part of this specific discussion about counseling and employment.

The correct option is "economic security emboldens women," since that underlying belief is what allows the author to read rising counseling numbers as women refusing to tolerate abuse.

Let's summarize:

• An assumption is a belief the argument needs but does not state outright.
• The author's own conclusion, option 3, is not the same as the assumption behind it.

So option (1) is correct.

Answer 8

This question asks for a fair criticism of the passage as a whole, so we check what the author does and does not do across the piece.

1. a female chauvinistic view: The passage is analytical and data-driven, discussing both men's and women's positions through studies and surveys, rather than arguing from a one-sided female-favouring stance.
2. ultra-feminism: Similarly, the author sticks to describing patterns from research, the Nagpur data, the National Family Health data, the Tata Institute study, rather than pushing an extreme ideological position.
3. proposing no concrete solutions: The passage spends its length describing causes, patterns, and consequences of domestic violence, tradition, and dowry, but at the very end it only notes that "planners and policy-makers position many of these transitions as inevitable," without offering any specific policy or remedy of its own.
4. stereotying the male species: The author is careful to explain male behaviour through specific triggers, like role reversal, rather than making a blanket claim about all men.

The correct option is "proposing no concrete solutions," since the passage stays diagnostic throughout and closes without offering any remedy.

Let's summarize:

• The passage is built on studies and data, not a one-sided ideological argument.
• It analyzes the problem in depth but never proposes what should actually be done about it.

So option (3) is correct.

Answer 9

This question checks how strongly the passage supports the claim that advertisements promote dowry, so we look for the exact strength of the author's own words.

1. is probably true: "Probably" understates how directly the passage links consumerist messaging to dowry; the connection is stated, not hinted at.
2. is definitely true: The passage says middle-class women are targeted as consumers with a message to aspire to "a lifestyle of acquisition," and describes the projected image as the wife who brings this acquisition into the marital home "through dowry." This directly ties consumerist messaging, the kind carried by advertisements, to dowry.
3. Can be neither established nor rejected: The passage gives a specific, stated link between the consumerist message and dowry, so the claim is not left open or unclear.
4. is definitely false: This goes against what the passage states, since it clearly draws this connection rather than denying it.

The correct option is "is definitely true," since the author explicitly ties the consumerist, acquisition-focused messaging that reaches women to the practice of dowry.

Let's summarize:

• The passage names the specific image, a wife bringing acquisition through dowry, as part of the consumerist message.
• This is stated directly, not merely suggested, so "definitely true" fits better than "probably true."

So option (2) is correct.

Answer 10

This question asks how widely domestic violence spreads across society, according to the author, so we check whether the passage restricts it to one class or one region.

1. is predominant in lower classes: The Nagpur data actually shows violence among women who are themselves in paid work, which does not point to lower-class households alone; dowry-related violence, discussed separately, also appears among the middle class.
2. is predominant in kerala and tehri - Garhwal: These places are given as examples of dowry spreading into new areas, not as the main centers of domestic violence overall.
3. cuts across class barriers: The passage draws on middle-class consumerism and dowry alongside working-class Nagpur data and rural Lucknow's account of marital abuse, showing the problem appears across different class settings rather than being confined to one.
4. and is a fall out of development: The passage opens by rejecting this very idea, calling development-as-excuse a "categorical no."

The correct option is "cuts across class barriers," since the passage's examples span working-class, rural, and middle-class settings alike.

Let's summarize:

• The passage's evidence comes from varied settings: Nagpur's paid workers, rural Lucknow, and middle-class consumer culture.
• The opening lines directly reject treating domestic violence as simply a side effect of development.

So option (3) is correct.