Protein synthesis in an animal cell occurs :
- only on the ribosomes present in cytosol
- on ribosomes present in cytoplasm as well as in mitochondria
- only on ribosomes attached to the nuclear envelope and endoplasmic reticulum
- on ribosomes present in the nucleolus as well as in cytoplasm
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Ribosomes are sturdy cellular structures found in the cytoplasm, consisting of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and a specific group of proteins. They can be either freely floating in the cytosol or attached to the surface of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The choice of their location depends on the presence of an ER-targeting signal sequence on the protein being synthesized. Consequently, a given ribosome may be bound to the ER while it synthesizes one protein and reside freely in the cytosol when translating another protein.
So, the correct option is (B): on ribosomes present in cytoplasm as well as in mitochondria
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Concepts Used:
Translation
The translation is the process of converting nucleic acid information into amino acids. It also relates to the process of producing proteins from mRNA templates.
Components of Translation:
The main components of translation include :
- mRNA of both Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
- tRNA - It helps in sending commands or transferring the information between protein and nucleic acids.
- Ribosomes - It contains ribosomal RNA and proteins, therefore, it is called the manufacturing unit of a cell.
- Enzymes - It is required for the formation of a peptide bond between the amino acids and also to attach amino acids to the accurate tRNA molecules.
- Proteins - They are the soluble factors, which are required for proper initiation, elongation and termination of translation.
Translation Process:
The three stages of translation are-
- Initiation involves assembling ribosomes around mRNA and activating amino acid and delivering it to the transfer RNA.
- Elongation is the process in which the RNA strand gets longer by adding amino acids.
- The termination process only involves releasing a polypeptide chain.