Concept:
Architectural styles are identified by their structural innovations and visual characteristics. Certain construction elements are uniquely associated with specific historical periods.
Explanation:
Gothic architecture introduced:
Pointed arches to distribute weight more efficiently,
Flying buttresses to support tall walls and allow large stained-glass windows.
Romanesque architecture used round arches and thick walls.
Renaissance architecture emphasized symmetry, proportion, and classical elements.
Baroque architecture is known for dramatic ornamentation and grandeur, not structural innovations like flying buttresses.
Thus, pointed arches and flying buttresses are hallmark features of Gothic architecture.
Final Answer: \(\boxed{\text{Gothic}}\)