Question

Natural system of classification was proposed by

• A. Bentham and Hooker
• B. Hutchinson
• C. Whittaker
• D. Engler and Prantl

Hint:

Remember:
• Bentham and Hooker $\rightarrow$ Natural Classification
• Engler and Prantl $\rightarrow$ Phylogenetic Classification
• Hutchinson $\rightarrow$ Phylogenetic Classification
• Whittaker $\rightarrow$ Five Kingdom Classification

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept: Plant classification systems have evolved through several stages:
• Artificial System of Classification
• Natural System of Classification
• Phylogenetic System of Classification A natural classification system considers many plant characteristics simultaneously and reflects overall similarities among organisms. Such systems are more reliable because they utilize numerous morphological features rather than a few selected traits.

Step 1: Understand the contribution of Bentham and Hooker
George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker proposed a highly influential system of plant classification. Their work was published in: \[ \textit{Genera Plantarum} \] This classification:
• Considered a large number of plant characters
• Arranged plants according to natural affinities
• Became one of the most widely accepted natural systems Therefore, Bentham and Hooker's classification is regarded as a natural system of classification.

Step 2: Examine Hutchinson
John Hutchinson proposed a phylogenetic classification system. His classification emphasized evolutionary relationships rather than merely natural similarities. Hence, this option is incorrect.

Step 3: Examine Whittaker
R.H. Whittaker proposed the famous: \[ \text{Five Kingdom Classification} \] This system classified living organisms into:
• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia He did not propose the natural system of plant classification. Therefore, this option is incorrect.

Step 4: Examine Engler and Prantl
Engler and Prantl proposed a phylogenetic classification system based on evolutionary concepts. Hence, they are not associated with the natural system. Therefore, this option is incorrect. Final Conclusion: The natural system of plant classification was proposed by Bentham and Hooker. Hence, \[ \boxed{\text{Correct Answer}=(A)\ \text{Bentham and Hooker}} \]