Mutations in plant cells can be induced by
Mutations in plant cells can be induced by
Zeatin
Kinetin
Infrared rays
Gamma rays
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
To determine which option induces mutations in plant cells, let's examine each choice:
- Zeatin: This is a type of cytokinin, a class of plant hormones that promote cell division in plant roots and shoots. Zeatin does not induce mutations.
- Kinetin: Another cytokinin, similar to zeatin, that regulates cell growth and plays a role in various plant developmental processes. Kinetin, like zeatin, does not cause mutations.
- Infrared rays: These are part of the electromagnetic spectrum, with wavelengths longer than visible light. Infrared rays do not have enough energy to cause changes at the genetic level, so they do not induce mutations.
- Gamma rays: This is a high-energy form of electromagnetic radiation. Because of their high energy, gamma rays can penetrate cells and cause damage to DNA, leading to mutations. Gamma rays are often used in research to induce mutations for studying genetic functions and breeding purposes.
Therefore, the correct answer is Gamma rays because they have the energy required to alter the DNA structure in plant cells, leading to mutations.
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Concepts Used:
Plant Growth Regulators
What is a plant growth regulator?
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are chemicals used to modify plant growth such as increasing branching, suppressing shoot growth, increasing return bloom, removing excess fruit, or altering fruit maturity.
Types of Plant Growth:
There are the following types of plant growth.
- Primary and Secondary Growth: The growth of a plant is termed primary when the same happens through the mitotic division of the meristematic cells which are present at the root and the shoot of the plants.
Whereas, the secondary growth in a plant takes place through the division of the secondary meristem, which, in turn increases the diameter of the body of the plants.
- Primary and Secondary Plant Growth
- Unlimited Growth
- Limited Growth
- Vegetative Growth
- Reproductive Growth
The five groups of plant growth regulators used in fruit crops include:
- Auxins: Auxins are one of the most important plant hormones. The chief naturally occurring auxin is indole-3 acetic acid – IAA and other related compounds.
- Gibberellins: Gibberellins are an extensive chemical family based on the ent-gibberellane structure. The first gibberellin to be discovered was gibberellic acid. Now there are more than 100 types of gibberellins.
- Cytokinins: These are produced in the regions where cell division occurs; mostly in the roots and shoots. They help in the production of new leaves, lateral shoot growth, chloroplasts in leaves etc.
- Absicisic Acid: Absicsic acid controls the dormancy of buds and seeds, inhibits shoot growth and is involved in regulating water loss from plants.
- Ethylene: Ethylene is a simple, gaseous plant growth regulator, synthesised by most of the plant organs includes ripening fruits and ageing tissues.