Question

Match the following strategies in Group-I with their corresponding descriptions in Group-II.

Group I		Group II
P	Transfer of Development Rights	1	Financial support by the Government for Public-Private-Partnership projects
Q	Betterment Levy	2	Tax imposed on unused or underdeveloped plots
R	Viability Gap Funding	3	Award of additional F.A.R. in different locations in exchange of land for public purpose
S	Vacant Land Tax	4	One-time fee to recover investment for enhanced public infrastructure
		5	Fee for land use change from agriculture to non-agriculture

• A. P - 3, Q - 2, R - 1, S - 5
• B. P - 1, Q - 3, R - 4, S - 2
• C. P - 3, Q - 1, R - 5, S - 2
• D. P - 3, Q - 4, R - 1, S - 2

Hint:

TDR = extra F.A.R. elsewhere for surrendered land; Betterment levy = one-time infrastructure cost recovery; VGF = government grant for PPP viability; Vacant land tax = recurring tax on unused plots.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question checks four land based financing tools used by planning and development authorities to fund infrastructure and manage land, and asks which description belongs to which tool.

Step 2: Key Formula or Approach:
Recall the one defining action of each tool (what it awards, or what it charges, and to whom) and match it to the Group-II sentence describing exactly that action.

Step 3: Detailed Explanation:
Transfer of Development Rights, TDR (P): when land is taken for a public purpose such as road widening, the owner is compensated not in cash but with extra F.A.R. certificates that can be used or sold and used at a different, often more valuable, location; this matches description 3, "award of additional F.A.R. in different locations in exchange of land for public purpose".
Betterment Levy (Q): a one-time charge recovered from landowners whose land value rises because of a public infrastructure project (a new road, metro line, or similar improvement) built nearby; this matches description 4, "one-time fee to recover investment for enhanced public infrastructure".
Viability Gap Funding, VGF (R): a grant given by the Government to make an otherwise unviable Public-Private-Partnership project financially feasible, covering the gap between project cost and expected revenue; this matches description 1.
Vacant Land Tax (S): a recurring tax charged on plots that are kept vacant or underdeveloped, meant to discourage land banking and push owners to develop or sell; this matches description 2.
This gives P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2, option (D). Option (A) wrongly swaps Q and S. Option (B) wrongly sends TDR to description 1 (that belongs to VGF). Option (C) wrongly sends Betterment Levy to description 1 and Viability Gap Funding to description 5.

Step 4: Final Answer:
The correct match is P-3, Q-4, R-1, S-2, option (D).