Step 1: Matching Schedules with Descriptions:
- Fixed Ratio: Matches with (c), as reinforcement is given after a fixed number of responses.
- Fixed Interval: Matches with (d), as reinforcement is provided after a fixed time interval.
- Variable Ratio: Matches with (a), as reinforcement is provided after an unpredictable number of responses.
- Variable Interval: Matches with (b), as reinforcement is provided after varying time intervals.
Step 2: Verifying the Matches:
The matching sequence is I-c, II-d, III-a, IV-b.