Match List I with List II.List I Pollutant List II Disease/ sickness A. Sulphate (> 500 ppm) I. Methemoglobinemia B. Nitrate (> 50 ppm) II. Brown mottling of teeth C. Lead (> 50 ppb) III. Laxative effect D. Fluoride (> 2ppm) IV. Kidney damage
Choose the coned answer from the options given below:
| List I Pollutant | List II Disease/ sickness |
|---|---|
| A. Sulphate (> 500 ppm) | I. Methemoglobinemia |
| B. Nitrate (> 50 ppm) | II. Brown mottling of teeth |
| C. Lead (> 50 ppb) | III. Laxative effect |
| D. Fluoride (> 2ppm) | IV. Kidney damage |
- A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
- A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
- A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
- A-II, B-IV, C-III, D-I
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
To solve this question, we need to match pollutants in List I with their associated diseases or symptoms in List II. Let us analyze each pairing:
- A. Sulphate (> 500 ppm) is associated with a laxative effect. High concentrations of sulphate in water can cause diarrhea and dehydration, particularly affecting sensitive individuals.
- B. Nitrate (> 50 ppm) is linked to methemoglobinemia. This condition, often known as "blue baby syndrome," occurs when nitrate in water is converted to nitrite in the body, interfering with the capacity of blood to carry oxygen.
- C. Lead (> 50 ppb) can cause kidney damage. Lead exposure, even at low levels, can harm the kidneys and affect other physiological processes as well.
- D. Fluoride (> 2 ppm) leads to brown mottling of teeth, known as dental fluorosis. Excessive fluoride exposure results in discoloration and damage to dental enamel.
Based on these explanations, the correct matchings are:
- A-III: Sulphate - Laxative effect
- B-I: Nitrate - Methemoglobinemia
- C-IV: Lead - Kidney damage
- D-II: Fluoride - Brown mottling of teeth
The correct option is therefore
A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
.
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Concepts Used:
Environmental Pollution
When there is an unpleasant change in the surrounding that has harmful effects on plants and animals, it leads to environmental pollution. Pollution is the root cause of a substance - “pollutant”. We can have pollutants in solid, liquid, or gaseous forms. A substance becomes a pollutant when its concentration is greater than the natural abundance and this increase in concentration is either because of human activities or natural phenomena.
Effects of Environmental Pollution:
Some pollutants are scraped into the soil by human beings. This leads to air, water, and soil pollution. If the soil is polluted, the helpful or functional microorganisms in it will die and the fertility of the soil will vanish. The production of crops will diminish. If the soil is not fertile; it will have a harmful consequence on human society.