Question

Match correctly with the reagents given in column-I with organic compounds given in column-II.

Column-I (Name of test)	Column-II (Pair of compounds)
(i) Neutral $FeCl_3$ test	(P) Aldehyde vs Ketone pairs
(ii) Isocyanide test $CHCl_3 + KOH/\Delta$	(Q) Phenol vs Ethanol pairs
(iii) Ammonical silver nitrate test	(R) Primary amine vs Secondary amine pairs
(iv) $NaHCO_3$ test	(S) Carboxylic acid vs Phenol pairs

• (1) (i)-Q, (ii)-R, (iii)-P, (iv)-S
• (2) (i)-P, (ii)-Q, (iii)-R, (iv)-S
• (3) (i)-R, (ii)-S, (iii)-Q, (iv)-P
• (4) (i)-S, (ii)-R, (iii)-Q, (iv)-P

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Chemical tests for functional groups identification.
1. Neutral $FeCl_3$ test: Gives characteristic violet/colored complex with phenols but not with aliphatic alcohols like ethanol. So it matches (Q).
2. Isocyanide test: Specifically identifies $1^{\circ}$ amines. It distinguishes between primary (gives test) and secondary (does not give test) amines. So it matches (R).
3. Ammonical silver nitrate (Tollen's reagent): Aldehydes give a silver mirror, while ketones generally do not. So it matches (P).
4. $NaHCO_3$ test: Carboxylic acids react to release $CO_2$ (effervescence), but phenols (mostly) do not. So it matches (S).

Matching: (i)-Q, (ii)-R, (iii)-P, (iv)-S. This is option (1).