Step 1: Recall the function of lateral ties.
Lateral ties in reinforced concrete columns provide lateral support to the longitudinal reinforcement.
Step 2: Identify their primary purpose.
They prevent the longitudinal bars from buckling under compressive loads and also help confine the concrete core.
Hence,
\[
\boxed{\text{Buckling of longitudinal steel bars}}
\]
is the correct answer.
Therefore,
\[
\boxed{(C)}
\]
is the correct answer.